Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1048:99-122. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_7.
In the recent times, nanomaterials are used in many sectors of science, medicine and industry, without revealing its toxic effects. Thus, it is in urgent need for exploring the toxicity along with the application of such useful nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are categorized with a particle size of 1-100 nm. They have gained increasing attention because of their novel properties, including a large specific surface area and high reaction activity. The various fundamental and practical applications of nanomaterials include drug delivery, cell imaging, and cancer therapy. Nanosized semiconductors have their versatile applications in different areas such as catalysts, sensors, photoelectronic devices, highly functional and effective devices etc. Metal oxides contribute in many areas of chemistry, physics and materials science. Mechanism of toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles can occur by different methods like oxidative stress, co-ordination effects, non-homeostasis effects, genotoxicity and others. Factors that affect the metal oxide nanoparticles were size, dissolution and exposure routes. This chapter will explain elaborately the toxicity of metal oxide nano structures in living beings and their effect in ecosystem.
在最近的时期，纳米材料被应用于科学、医学和工业的许多领域，而没有揭示其毒性作用。因此，迫切需要探索此类有用的纳米材料的应用及其毒性。纳米材料的粒径为 1-100nm。由于其具有大的比表面积和高的反应活性等新颖特性，因此受到越来越多的关注。纳米材料的各种基础和实际应用包括药物输送、细胞成像和癌症治疗。纳米尺寸的半导体在催化剂、传感器、光电设备、高效能和有效设备等不同领域具有多种应用。金属氧化物在化学、物理和材料科学的许多领域都有贡献。金属氧化物纳米颗粒的毒性机制可以通过不同的方法发生，如氧化应激、配位效应、非动态平衡效应、遗传毒性等。影响金属氧化物纳米颗粒的因素有尺寸、溶解和暴露途径。本章将详细解释金属氧化物纳米结构在生物体中的毒性及其对生态系统的影响。
