Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal.
Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1048:123-142. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_8.
The manufactured nanomaterials (NMs) have specific physicochemical properties that confer unique mechanical, optical, electrical and magnetic characteristics that are beneficial for biomedical and industrial applications. However, recent studies have suggested that such specific physicochemical properties of the NMs may define nano-bio interactions thereby determining their toxic potential.One of the major concerns about NMs is the potential to induce cancer, suggested by some experimental studies, as seen for titanium dioxide nanomaterials or carbon nanotubes. To analyze in a short term the carcinogenic properties of a compound, genotoxicity assays in mammalian cell lines or animal models are frequently used. However, the investigation of the genotoxic properties of NMs has been inconclusive, up to date, since divergent results have been reported throughout the literature. While trying to understand how the NMs' characteristics may encompass increased toxicological effects that harbor uncertainties for public health, the use of correlation analysis highlights some physicochemical properties that influence the genotoxic potential of these NM.In this chapter, it is hypothesized that the different genotoxicity observed in closely related NMs may be due to subtle differences in their physicochemical characteristics. The present work provides an overview of the studies exploring the correlation between physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and their genotoxic effects in human cells, with focus on the toxicity of two groups of NMs, titanium dioxide nanomaterials and multiwalled-carbon nanotubes. It is suggested that, for tackling NMs' uncertainties, the in-depth investigation of the nano-bio interactions must be foreseen, where in vitro research must be integrated with in vivo and biomonitoring approaches, to cope with the complex dynamic behaviour of nanoscale materials.
人工纳米材料 (NMs) 具有特定的物理化学性质，赋予它们独特的机械、光学、电气和磁性特性，有益于生物医学和工业应用。然而，最近的研究表明，NMs 的这些特定物理化学特性可能定义了纳米-生物相互作用，从而决定了它们的毒性潜力。
人们主要担心的是纳米材料有可能诱发癌症，一些实验研究表明，二氧化钛纳米材料或碳纳米管就是如此。为了在短期内分析一种化合物的致癌特性，通常在哺乳动物细胞系或动物模型中进行遗传毒性检测。然而，迄今为止，对纳米材料遗传毒性特性的研究尚无定论，因为文献中报告的结果存在分歧。
在试图了解纳米材料的特性如何包含增加的毒理学效应，这些效应对公共健康存在不确定性的同时，相关性分析突出了一些影响这些 NM 遗传毒性潜力的物理化学特性。在这一章中，假设在密切相关的纳米材料中观察到的不同遗传毒性可能是由于它们物理化学特性的细微差异所致。
目前的工作概述了探索纳米材料物理化学特性与其在人类细胞中的遗传毒性效应之间相关性的研究，重点介绍了两组纳米材料，即二氧化钛纳米材料和多壁碳纳米管的毒性。有人认为，为了解决纳米材料的不确定性问题，必须深入研究纳米-生物相互作用，其中体外研究必须与体内和生物监测方法相结合，以应对纳米级材料的复杂动态行为。
