Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Exp Gerontol. 2018 Apr;104:147-152. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.010. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
Muscular strength is a modifiable protective factor for mental health across aging populations. Evidence of sex-related differences in its associations with mental health is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine sex-related differences in cross-sectional and prospective associations between grip strength and depressive symptoms and status. Participants were community dwelling adults (N = 4505; 56.5% female), aged ≥50 years. As a measure of muscular strength, grip strength (kg) of the dominant hand was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer at baseline. Participants were divided into sex-specific tertiles. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale assessed depressive symptoms at baseline and two years later; a score of ≥16 defined caseness of depression. Depressive symptoms were significantly higher among females at baseline (p < 0.001). Prospective models were adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, social class, smoking, and health status. Among males, the middle and high strength tertiles were non-significantly associated with 32.9% (p = 0.21) and 9.9% (p = 0.74) reduced odds of developing depression, respectively. Among females, the middle and high strength tertiles were non-significantly associated with 28.5% (p = 0.13) and significantly associated with 43.4% (p = 0.01) reduced odds of developing depression, respectively. In the total sample, the middle and high strength tertiles were significantly associated with 31.5% (p = 0.04) and 34.1% (p = 0.02) reduced odds of developing depression, respectively. The interaction between sex and strength was not statistically significant (p = 0.25). The present findings indicated that grip strength was inversely associated with incident depression in older adults, with stronger associations observed among females than males.
肌肉力量是老龄化人群心理健康的可改变保护因素。关于其与心理健康之间关联的性别差异证据有限。因此，本研究旨在检验握力与抑郁症状和状况之间的横断面和前瞻性关联在性别上的差异。研究对象为社区居住的成年人（N=4505；女性占 56.5%），年龄≥50 岁。握力（kg）作为肌肉力量的衡量标准，使用手持测力计在基线时进行测量。参与者按性别分为特定的三分位组。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale）在基线和两年后评估抑郁症状；得分≥16 定义为抑郁病例。基线时女性的抑郁症状明显更高（p<0.001）。前瞻性模型调整了年龄、性别、腰围、社会阶层、吸烟和健康状况。在男性中，中强度和高强度握力三分位组与分别降低 32.9%（p=0.21）和 9.9%（p=0.74）发生抑郁的几率无显著相关性。在女性中，中强度和高强度握力三分位组与分别降低 28.5%（p=0.13）和显著降低 43.4%（p=0.01）发生抑郁的几率无显著相关性。在总样本中，中强度和高强度握力三分位组与分别降低 31.5%（p=0.04）和 34.1%（p=0.02）发生抑郁的几率有显著相关性。性别与力量之间的交互作用无统计学意义（p=0.25）。本研究结果表明，握力与老年人的抑郁事件呈负相关，且在女性中相关性强于男性。
