Fiorista F, Lazari M, Marzegalli M, Piane C, Cotti R, Casazza F, Molina L
Arch Inst Cardiol Mex. 1986 Jul-Aug;56(4):309-13.
The experience on 101 cases of permanent cardiac stimulation is reported; in all of them, the access was via the subclavian vein. Punction of the subclavian artery, transient injury of the brachial plexus and pneumothorax, were seen in 4.3 and 3% respectively. Early electrode luxation was observed in 5% of the patients. As late complications there where two cases of destruction of the electrode protecting sheet and one electrode rupture. In spite of the potential risks directly related to the vein puncture, the subclavian puncture offers an excellent alternative for placing definitive pacing electrodes.
报告了101例永久性心脏刺激的经验；所有病例均通过锁骨下静脉进行穿刺。锁骨下动脉穿刺、臂丛神经短暂损伤和气胸的发生率分别为4.3%和3%。5%的患者观察到早期电极脱位。晚期并发症包括2例电极保护片破坏和1例电极破裂。尽管存在与静脉穿刺直接相关的潜在风险，但锁骨下穿刺为放置永久性起搏电极提供了极佳的选择。
