School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal,Montreal,Canada.
Department of Psychology,Florida Atlantic University,Boca Raton,USA.
Psychol Med. 2018 Nov;48(15):2500-2507. doi: 10.1017/S0033291718000089. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
Using a longitudinal twin design and a latent growth curve/autoregressive approach, this study examined the genetic-environmental architecture of substance use across adolescence.
Self-reports of substance use (i.e. alcohol, marijuana) were collected at ages 13, 14, 15, and 17 years from 476 twin pairs (475 boys, 477 girls) living in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Substance use increased linearly across the adolescent years.
ACE modeling revealed that genetic, as well as shared and non-shared environmental factors explained the overall level of substance use and that these same factors also partly accounted for growth in substance use from age 13 to 17. Additional genetic factors predicted the growth in substance use. Finally, autoregressive effects revealed age-specific non-shared environmental influences and, to a lesser degree, age-specific genetic influences, which together accounted for the stability of substance use across adolescence.
The results support and expand the notion that genetic and environmental influences on substance use during adolescence are both developmentally stable and developmentally dynamic.
本研究采用纵向双胞胎设计和潜在增长曲线/自回归方法，考察了青少年时期物质使用的遗传-环境结构。
从加拿大魁北克省的 476 对双胞胎（475 名男孩，477 名女孩）中收集了他们在 13、14、15 和 17 岁时的物质使用（如酒精、大麻）的自我报告。物质使用在青少年时期呈线性增长。
ACE 模型表明，遗传因素以及共享和非共享环境因素解释了物质使用的总体水平，这些相同的因素也部分解释了从 13 岁到 17 岁物质使用的增长。额外的遗传因素预测了物质使用的增长。最后，自回归效应揭示了特定年龄的非共享环境影响，以及在较小程度上的特定年龄的遗传影响，这些共同解释了物质使用在整个青春期的稳定性。
研究结果支持并扩展了这样一种观点，即青少年时期物质使用的遗传和环境影响既具有发展稳定性，又具有发展动态性。
