Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
J Hazard Mater. 2019 May 15;370:63-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.024. Epub 2018 Feb 12.
Transition metals Cd, Pd and Ag are toxic even at very low concentration. Cd is considered a priority substance; while, Pd and Ag are emerging pollutants. Membrane technologies have been applied for their extraction; however, they require important amounts of reagents, time and energy. Additionally, effective reagents for metal extraction in saline natural waters are limited. In this case, hollow fiber liquid phase micro-extraction with a configuration of solvent bar (SBME) using the ionic liquid Cyphos® 101 as extractant is proposed. Optimized conditions for SBME of Cd, Ag and Pd were 50% Cyphos® 101 in the organic solution, extraction time 30 min and 800 rpm stirring rate. Leaching was in all cases lower than 0.1%. Metallic concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method was applied to the extraction of Ag, Cd and Pd in natural water samples. Except for waste water, Pd extraction was higher than 90% in all cases. Cd (≈100%) and Ag (93-95%) offered their best results for saline samples. Concluding, the proposed system is a low cost and green methodology that allows a simple and fast extraction of trace pollutants such as Ag, Cd and Pd in different natural waters, including highly saline samples.
过渡金属 Cd、Pd 和 Ag 即使在非常低的浓度下也是有毒的。Cd 被认为是优先物质；而 Pd 和 Ag 则是新兴污染物。膜技术已被用于它们的提取；然而，它们需要大量的试剂、时间和能源。此外，用于盐天然水中金属提取的有效试剂是有限的。在这种情况下，提出了使用离子液体 Cyphos® 101 作为萃取剂的溶剂棒（SBME）中空纤维液相微萃取。Cd、Ag 和 Pd 的 SBME 优化条件为有机溶液中 50% 的 Cyphos® 101、萃取时间 30 min 和 800 rpm 搅拌速度。浸出率均低于 0.1%。金属浓度通过火焰原子吸收光谱法测量。该方法应用于天然水样中 Ag、Cd 和 Pd 的提取。除废水外，Pd 的提取在所有情况下均高于 90%。Cd（≈100%）和 Ag（93-95%）在盐度样品中表现出最佳效果。总之，所提出的系统是一种低成本和绿色的方法，可用于从不同的天然水中（包括高盐度样品）简单、快速地提取痕量污染物，如 Ag、Cd 和 Pd。
