Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
J Clin Sleep Med. 2018 Mar 15;14(3):371-383. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6980.
Sleep disorders and sleep deficiency can increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Less is known about whether multiple positive attributes of sleep health known as the SATED (satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration) model, can decrease future cardiovascular disease risks. We examined whether and how a variety of indicators of sleep health predicted 10-year estimated cardiometabolic risk scores (CRS) among employed adults.
Workers in two industries-extended care (n = 1,275) and information technology (IT; n = 577)-reported on habitual sleep apnea symptoms and sleep sufficiency, and provided 1 week of actigraphy data including nighttime sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep timing, and daytime napping. Workers also provided biomarkers to calculate future cardiometabolic risk.
More sleep apnea symptoms predicted higher CRS in both industries. More sleep sufficiency, less WASO, and less daytime napping (having no naps, fewer naps, and shorter nap duration) were also linked to lower CRS, but only in the extended care workers. There was no effect of sleep duration in both industries. In the IT employee sample, shorter sleep duration (≤ 6 hours versus 6-8 hours) and more naps strengthened the link between sleep apnea and CRS.
Sleep health, measured by both subjective and objective methods, was associated with lower cardiometabolic disease risks among extended care workers (lower to middle wage workers). Sleep apnea was an important predictor of CRS; for the IT workers, the link between sleep apnea and CRS was exacerbated when they had poorer sleep health behaviors.
睡眠障碍和睡眠不足会增加心血管疾病的风险。关于睡眠健康的多个积极属性（即 SATED 模型中的满意度、警觉度、时间安排、效率和持续时间）是否可以降低未来心血管疾病的风险，人们知之甚少。我们研究了睡眠健康的各种指标是否以及如何预测从事工作的成年人 10 年估计的心血管代谢风险评分（CRS）。
两个行业的工人（长期护理行业，n = 1275；信息技术行业，n = 577）报告了习惯性睡眠呼吸暂停症状和睡眠充足情况，并提供了为期 1 周的活动记录仪数据，包括夜间睡眠时间、睡眠后觉醒时间（WASO）、睡眠时间安排和白天小睡。工人们还提供了生物标志物来计算未来的心血管代谢风险。
在两个行业中，更多的睡眠呼吸暂停症状预示着更高的 CRS。在长期护理行业中，更多的睡眠充足、更少的 WASO 和更少的白天小睡（没有小睡、小睡次数更少、小睡时间更短）也与较低的 CRS 相关，但仅在长期护理行业的工人中存在这种关联。在两个行业中，睡眠时间都没有影响。在信息技术员工样本中，较短的睡眠时间（≤6 小时与 6-8 小时相比）和更多的小睡增强了睡眠呼吸暂停与 CRS 之间的关联。
通过主观和客观方法测量的睡眠健康与长期护理行业（中低薪工人）的心血管代谢疾病风险较低相关。睡眠呼吸暂停是 CRS 的重要预测因素；对于信息技术工人，当他们的睡眠健康行为较差时，睡眠呼吸暂停与 CRS 之间的联系加剧。
