GAMUT (Grieg Academy Research Centre for Music Therapy) Faculty of Fine Arts, Music and Design, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Sunniva Centre for Palliative Care, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
BMC Palliat Care. 2018 Feb 20;17(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s12904-018-0286-4.
The use of music as therapy in multidisciplinary end-of-life care dates back to the 1970s and nowadays music therapy (MT) is one of the most frequently used complementary therapy in in-patient palliative care in the US. However existing research investigated music therapy's potential impact mainly from one perspective, referring to either a quantitative or qualitative paradigm. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the users' and providers' perspectives on music therapy in palliative care within one research article.
A systematic literature search was conducted using several databases supplemented with a hand-search of journals between November 1978 and December 2016. Inclusion criteria were: Music therapy with adults in palliative care conducted by a certified music therapist. Both quantitative and qualitative studies in English, German or a Scandinavian language published in peer reviewed journals were included. We aimed to identify and discuss the perspectives of both patients and health care providers on music therapy's impact in palliative care to forward a comprehensive understanding of it's effectiveness, benefits and limitations. We investigated themes mentioned by patients within qualitative studies, as well as commonly chosen outcome measures in quantitative research. A qualitative approach utilizing inductive content analysis was carried out to analyze and categorize the data.
Twelve articles, reporting on nine quantitative and three qualitative research studies were included. Seven out of the nine quantitative studies investigated pain as an outcome. All of the included quantitative studies reported positive effects of the music therapy. Patients themselves associated MT with the expression of positive as well as challenging emotions and increased well-being. An overarching theme in both types of research is a psycho-physiological change through music therapy.
Both quantitative as well as qualitative research showed positive changes in psycho-physiological well-being. The integration of the users´ and providers´ perspectives within future research applicable for example in mixed-methods designs is recommended.
音乐疗法作为多学科临终关怀的一种疗法，可以追溯到 20 世纪 70 年代，如今它是美国住院姑息治疗中最常用的补充疗法之一。然而，现有的研究主要从一个角度调查了音乐疗法的潜在影响，无论是定量还是定性范式。本综述的目的是在一篇研究文章中提供姑息治疗中音乐疗法使用者和提供者的观点概述。
使用多个数据库进行了系统的文献搜索，并用期刊的手工搜索进行了补充，时间范围为 1978 年 11 月至 2016 年 12 月。纳入标准为：在姑息治疗中由认证音乐治疗师对成年人进行的音乐治疗。纳入了发表在同行评议期刊上的英语、德语或斯堪的纳维亚语的定量和定性研究。我们旨在确定和讨论患者和医疗保健提供者对姑息治疗中音乐疗法影响的观点，以全面了解其有效性、益处和局限性。我们调查了定性研究中患者提到的主题，以及定量研究中常用的结果衡量标准。采用归纳内容分析的定性方法对数据进行分析和分类。
纳入了 12 篇文章，其中有 9 篇定量研究和 3 篇定性研究。9 项定量研究中有 7 项将疼痛作为结果进行了调查。所有纳入的定量研究都报告了音乐疗法的积极效果。患者自己将 MT 与积极和挑战性情绪的表达以及幸福感的提高联系起来。这两种类型的研究中都有一个总体主题，即通过音乐疗法进行心理生理变化。
定量和定性研究都显示出心理生理幸福感的积极变化。建议在未来的研究中整合使用者和提供者的观点，例如在混合方法设计中应用。
