An Evaluation of Graphene as a Multi-Functional Heating Element for Biomedical Applications.

Graphene has been found to be an excellent heat-conductor due to the high speed of acoustic phonons in its lattice. In this work, we examine in depth a commercial graphene-based waist protector which uses graphene as a heating element. By employing thermal imaging in tandem with Raman microscopy, the thermal characteristics and performance of this device is fully assessed. It will be shown that no pronounced variation in its function is observed up to 3 hours of continuous operation and that the device seems to work effectively as an IR emitter at low power consumption. Temperature fluctuations, associated with a decrease of its electrical resistance are observed after 12 hours uptime and a temperature difference of 15 °C was recorded after 5 days of uninterrupted operation. These effects are thought to be due to the loss of graphene/polymer adhesion resulting from thermal fatigue. Overall, it is demonstrated that graphene can indeed be incorporated as an effective and operational thermal heating system in similar biomedical devices.