Harris Dvir, Bar-Zvi Shira, Lahav Avital, Goldshmid Itay, Adir Noam
The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Subcell Biochem. 2018;87:57-82. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-7757-9_3.
Light absorption is the initial step in the photosynthetic process. In all species, most of the light is absorbed by dedicated pigment-protein complexes called light harvesting complexes or antenna complexes. In the case of cyanobacteria and red-algae, photosynthetic organisms found in a wide variety of ecological niches, the major antenna is called the Phycobilisome (PBS). The PBS has many unique characteristics that sets it apart from the antenna complexes of other organisms (bacteria, algae and plants). These differences include the type of light absorbing chromophores, the protein environment of the chromophores, the method of assembly and association and the intercellular location with respect to the photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs). Since the final goal of all antenna complexes is the same - controlled absorption and transfer of the energy of the sun to the RCs, the unique structural and chemical differences of the PBS also require unique energy transfer mechanisms and pathways. In this review we will describe in detail the structural facets that lead to a mature PBS, followed by an attempt to understand the energy transfer properties of the PBS as they have been measured experimentally.
光吸收是光合作用过程的起始步骤。在所有物种中，大部分光被称为光捕获复合体或天线复合体的特定色素 - 蛋白质复合体所吸收。在蓝细菌和红藻中，这两种光合生物存在于各种各样的生态位中，主要天线被称为藻胆体（PBS）。藻胆体具有许多独特的特征，使其有别于其他生物（细菌、藻类和植物）的天线复合体。这些差异包括光吸收发色团的类型、发色团的蛋白质环境、组装和缔合方法以及相对于光合反应中心（RCs）的细胞内位置。由于所有天线复合体的最终目标都是相同的——将太阳能进行可控吸收并传递到反应中心，藻胆体独特的结构和化学差异也需要独特的能量传递机制和途径。在本综述中，我们将详细描述导致成熟藻胆体的结构方面，随后尝试理解通过实验测量得到的藻胆体的能量传递特性。
