Kouřil Roman, Nosek Lukáš, Semchonok Dmitry, Boekema Egbert J, Ilík Petr
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Subcell Biochem. 2018;87:259-286. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-7757-9_9.
In nature, plants are continuously exposed to varying environmental conditions. They have developed a wide range of adaptive mechanisms, which ensure their survival and maintenance of stable photosynthetic performance. Photosynthesis is delicately regulated at the level of the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts and the regulatory mechanisms include a reversible formation of a large variety of specific protein-protein complexes, supercomplexes or even larger assemblies known as megacomplexes. Revealing their structures is crucial for better understanding of their function and relevance in photosynthesis. Here we focus our attention on the isolation and a structural characterization of various large protein supercomplexes and megacomplexes, which involve Photosystem II and Photosystem I, the key constituents of photosynthetic apparatus. The photosystems are often attached to other protein complexes in thylakoid membranes such as light harvesting complexes, cytochrome b f complex, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase. Structural models of individual supercomplexes and megacomplexes provide essential details of their architecture, which allow us to discuss their function as well as physiological significance.
在自然界中，植物不断暴露于变化的环境条件下。它们已经发展出了广泛的适应性机制，以确保其生存并维持稳定的光合性能。光合作用在叶绿体类囊体膜水平上受到精细调控，其调控机制包括多种特定蛋白质 - 蛋白质复合物、超级复合物甚至更大的组装体（称为巨型复合物）的可逆形成。揭示它们的结构对于更好地理解其在光合作用中的功能和相关性至关重要。在这里，我们将注意力集中在各种大型蛋白质超级复合物和巨型复合物的分离及结构表征上，这些复合物涉及光合装置的关键组成部分光系统II和光系统I。光系统通常与类囊体膜中的其他蛋白质复合物相连，如捕光复合物、细胞色素b6f复合物和NAD(P)H脱氢酶。单个超级复合物和巨型复合物的结构模型提供了其结构的基本细节，这使我们能够讨论它们的功能以及生理意义。
