Carrera-Treviño Rogelio, Lira-Torres Iván, Martínez-García Luis, López-Hernández Martha
Rev Biol Trop. 2016 Dec;64(4):1451-68.
Information on the ecology of jaguars (Panthera onca) in “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve in Tamaulipas, Mexico is scant and limited to anecdotic records in a handful of publications. The objectives of our study were to: a) determine population density and structure of jaguars, b) compare their activity patterns with that of pumas (Puma concolor), c) ascertain potential prey relative abundance, and d) evaluate local resident’s perception on loss of domestic animals due to jaguar predation. Between April 2013 and April 2014 we conducted camera trapping in Gomez Farias Township with a total sampling effort of 8 580 camera trap days. Besides, we completed 136 semi-structured interviews among local residents of Gomez Farias and Llera Townships to gather information on domestic animal losses attributed to jaguars and other carnivores. We identified eight different jaguar individuals during a complete year of camera-trapping, composed of four adult females, one juvenile female, two adult males and one juvenile male. We estimated a jaguar density of 5.9 ± 1.3 jaguars/100 km². Activity patterns for jaguars and pumas were similar as both were nocturnal and crepuscular in nature. The most abundant potential prey species for jaguars in the study site were Crax rubra, Cuniculus paca, Mazama temama, Odocoileus virginianus and Didelphis virginiana; while the rarest were Mephitis macroura and Procyon lotor. Interview results suggested that chickens, dogs, and house cats were the most consumed domestic animals from all reported losses by local residents (n= 107). This study represents the first attempt to describe jaguar ecology in “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve; however, there is a need of additional monitoring efforts to determine the current status of jaguars in a larger area in order to establish conservation strategies. Finally, this jaguar population may have an important role in maintaining the species in the Sierra Madre Oriental biological corridor connecting populations in Nuevo Leon and San Luis states in Northeastern Mexico.
关于墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州“埃尔谢洛”生物圈保护区内美洲豹（Panthera onca）的生态信息匮乏，仅在少数出版物中有一些轶事记录。我们研究的目的是：a）确定美洲豹的种群密度和结构，b）将它们的活动模式与美洲狮（Puma concolor）的活动模式进行比较，c）确定潜在猎物的相对丰度，d）评估当地居民对美洲豹捕食导致家畜损失的看法。2013年4月至2014年4月期间，我们在戈麦斯·法里亚斯镇进行了相机陷阱监测，总采样工作量为8580个相机陷阱日。此外，我们还在戈麦斯·法里亚斯镇和耶拉镇的当地居民中完成了136次半结构化访谈，以收集有关美洲豹和其他食肉动物造成家畜损失的信息。在一整年的相机陷阱监测中，我们识别出了8只不同的美洲豹个体，其中包括4只成年雌性、1只幼年雌性、2只成年雄性和1只幼年雄性。我们估计美洲豹的密度为5.9±1.3只/100平方公里。美洲豹和美洲狮的活动模式相似，两者在本质上都是夜行性和晨昏性的。研究地点美洲豹最丰富的潜在猎物物种是红嘴凤冠雉、斑豚鼠、墨西哥鹿、白尾鹿和弗吉尼亚负鼠；而最稀有的是大尾臭鼬和浣熊。访谈结果表明，在当地居民报告的所有损失中（n = 107），鸡、狗和家猫是被消耗最多的家畜。这项研究是首次尝试描述“埃尔谢洛”生物圈保护区内美洲豹的生态；然而，需要进行更多的监测工作，以确定更大区域内美洲豹的当前状况，从而制定保护策略。最后，这一美洲豹种群可能在维持连接墨西哥东北部新莱昂州和圣路易斯州种群的东马德雷山脉生物走廊中的物种方面发挥重要作用。
