Liu Chuanjun, Xiao Chengli
Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Front Psychol. 2018 Feb 6;9:85. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00085. eCollection 2018.
The spatial updating and memory systems are employed during updating in both the immediate and retrieved environments. However, these dual systems seem to work differently, as the difference of pointing latency and absolute error between the two systems vary across environments. To verify this issue, the present study employed the bias analysis of signed errors based on the hypothesis that the transformed representation will bias toward the original one. Participants learned a spatial layout and then either stayed in the learning location or were transferred to a neighboring room directly or after being disoriented. After that, they performed spatial judgments from perspectives aligned with the learning direction, aligned with the direction they faced during the test, or a novel direction misaligned with the two above-mentioned directions. The patterns of signed error bias were consistent across environments. Responses for memory aligned perspectives were unbiased, whereas responses for sensorimotor aligned perspectives were biased away from the memory aligned perspective, and responses for misaligned perspectives were biased toward sensorimotor aligned perspectives. These findings indicate that the spatial updating system is consistently independent of the spatial memory system regardless of the environments, but the updating system becomes less accessible as the environment changes from immediate to a retrieved one.
在即时环境和回忆环境的更新过程中，空间更新系统和记忆系统都会被启用。然而，这两个系统的工作方式似乎有所不同，因为两个系统之间的指向潜伏期差异和绝对误差在不同环境中会有所变化。为了验证这个问题，本研究基于变换后的表征会向原始表征偏移的假设，采用了符号误差的偏差分析。参与者学习了一个空间布局，然后要么留在学习地点，要么直接转移到相邻房间，或者在迷失方向后再转移。之后，他们从与学习方向一致、与测试期间所面对方向一致或与上述两个方向都不一致的新方向进行空间判断。符号误差偏差模式在不同环境中是一致的。与记忆一致视角的反应是无偏差的，而与感觉运动一致视角的反应则偏离了与记忆一致的视角，与不一致视角的反应则偏向于与感觉运动一致的视角。这些发现表明，无论环境如何，空间更新系统始终独立于空间记忆系统，但随着环境从即时环境变为回忆环境，更新系统的可及性会降低。
