Xiao Chengli, Mou Weimin, McNamara Timothy P
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Sep;35(5):1137-47. doi: 10.1037/a0016273.
In 8 experiments, the authors examined the use of representations of self-to-object or object-to-object spatial relations during locomotion. Participants learned geometrically regular or irregular layouts of objects while standing at the edge or in the middle and then pointed to objects while blindfolded in 3 conditions: before turning (baseline), after rotating 240 degrees (updating), and after disorientation (disorientation). The internal consistency of pointing in the disorientation condition was equivalent to that in the updating condition when participants learned the regular layout. The internal consistency of pointing was disrupted by disorientation when participants learned the irregular layout. However, when participants who learned the regular layout were instructed to use self-to-object spatial relations, the effect of disorientation on pointing consistency appeared. When participants who learned the irregular layout at the periphery of the layout were instructed to use object-to-object spatial relations, the effect of disorientation disappeared. These results suggest that people represent both self-to-object and object-to-object spatial relations and primarily use object-to-object spatial representation in a regular layout and self-to-object spatial representation in an irregular layout.
在8项实验中，作者研究了在移动过程中自我与物体或物体与物体空间关系表征的使用情况。参与者在站在边缘或中间位置时学习物体的几何规则或不规则布局，然后在三种情况下蒙着眼睛指向物体：转弯前（基线）、旋转240度后（更新）和迷失方向后（迷失方向）。当参与者学习规则布局时，迷失方向条件下指向的内部一致性与更新条件下相当。当参与者学习不规则布局时，迷失方向会破坏指向的内部一致性。然而，当指导学习规则布局的参与者使用自我与物体的空间关系时，迷失方向对指向一致性的影响就会出现。当指导在布局外围学习不规则布局的参与者使用物体与物体的空间关系时，迷失方向的影响就消失了。这些结果表明，人们既表征自我与物体的空间关系，也表征物体与物体的空间关系，并且在规则布局中主要使用物体与物体的空间表征，在不规则布局中主要使用自我与物体的空间表征。
