Sakamoto Yujiro
Basic Sciences of Oral Health Care, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2018 Jun;40(6):681-688. doi: 10.1007/s00276-018-1993-5. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
The tongue is a dense muscular organ, in which the muscles are arranged in a confusing pattern. The intrinsic muscles were gross anatomically investigated in 25 cadavers to clarify their configuration. The superior longitudinal muscle (SLm) ran beneath the dorsal mucosa and was divided into bundles by the other muscles passing through it to the dorsum. The external bundle of the styloglossus, with the palatoglossus, coursed externally to the hyoglossus. Their fibers spread beneath the SLm or attached to the apex and the inferior longitudinal muscle (ILm) ascended from the root and joined them. The genioglossus and the anterior part of the hyoglossus extended internally and externally to the ILm, respectively, to the dorsum, and the vertical muscle was sandwiched between them. The transverse muscle passed laterally from the lingual septum. The fibers of the posterior part of the hyoglossus converged to the root and spread beneath the SLm. The intersections between these vertical and transverse fibers divided one another into bundles or lamellae. The middle bundle of the styloglossus, passing between the two parts of the hyoglossus, was divided into slips by the intersection with the genioglossus. The internal bundle of the styloglossus, with the glossopharyngeus, descended internally to the posterior part to the root. The findings indicate that the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue are not independent groups, and their fibers form a three-dimensional latticework. Each muscle contains numerous bundles or lamellae as functional units that can act separately or cooperate across the muscles.
舌是一个致密的肌肉器官，其肌肉排列方式复杂。对25具尸体的舌内肌进行大体解剖学研究以阐明其结构。舌上纵肌（SLm）走行于背侧黏膜下方，并被穿过它至舌背的其他肌肉分隔成束。茎突舌肌的外侧束与腭舌肌一起走行于舌骨舌肌外侧。它们的纤维在舌上纵肌下方伸展或附着于舌尖，舌下纵肌（ILm）从舌根上升并与之相连。颏舌肌和舌骨舌肌的前部分别向内侧和外侧延伸至舌下纵肌至舌背，垂直肌夹在它们之间。横肌从舌中隔向外侧走行。舌骨舌肌后部的纤维汇聚至舌根并在舌上纵肌下方伸展。这些垂直和横纤维的交叉将彼此分隔成束或薄片。茎突舌肌的中间束在舌骨舌肌两部分之间通过，与颏舌肌交叉时被分成肌束。茎突舌肌的内侧束与舌咽肌一起向内侧下降至后部至舌根。研究结果表明，舌的舌内肌和舌外肌并非独立的肌群，它们的纤维形成三维网络结构。每块肌肉都包含许多作为功能单位的束或薄片，这些功能单位可以单独发挥作用或跨肌肉协同作用。
