Takemoto H
Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2001 Feb;44(1):95-107. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/009).
Skilled movements of the tongue in speech articulation reflect complex formation of the tongue musculature, although its description in the anatomical literature is rather limited for developing a realistic computational model of the tongue. This study presents detailed descriptions of the muscular structure of the human tongue based on macroscopic and microscopic observations and provides three-dimensional schemata of the tongue musculature. Histologic examination revealed that the tongue consists of five strata, stacked along the courses of the fibers of the genioglossus muscle in proximal-distal directions. This stratum structure exists in the entire tongue tissue, indicating that the lingual musculature can be divided into the inner and outer regions. The former consisted of the "stem" and "core," and the latter of the "cover" and "fringe." In gross dissection, the tongue was cut into wedge-like blocks along the course of the genioglossus muscle to examine muscle fiber arrangement. Using this approach, it was determined that serial repetitions of "structural units" composed the inner musculature of the tongue. Each unit consisted of a pair of thin muscle fiber laminae; one was composed of the genioglossus and vertical muscles, and the other of the transverse muscle. In the apex, the laminae lacked the fibers of the genioglossus. These findings have been incorporated in three-dimensional schemata of the tongue musculature.
言语发音中舌头的熟练动作反映了舌肌组织的复杂构成，尽管解剖学文献中对其描述相当有限，难以构建一个逼真的舌头计算模型。本研究基于宏观和微观观察，对人类舌头的肌肉结构进行了详细描述，并提供了舌肌组织的三维示意图。组织学检查显示，舌头由五层组成，沿颏舌肌纤维的走行在近端到远端方向上堆叠。这种分层结构存在于整个舌组织中，表明舌肌组织可分为内部和外部区域。前者由“茎”和“核心”组成，后者由“覆盖层”和“边缘”组成。在大体解剖中，沿着颏舌肌的走行将舌头切成楔形块，以检查肌纤维排列。采用这种方法，确定了由“结构单元”的系列重复组成舌头的内部肌肉组织。每个单元由一对薄肌纤维板组成；一个由颏舌肌和垂直肌组成，另一个由横肌组成。在舌尖，这些板层缺乏颏舌肌的纤维。这些发现已被纳入舌肌组织的三维示意图中。
