Zucchella Chiara, Federico Angela, Martini Alice, Tinazzi Michele, Bartolo Michelangelo, Tamburin Stefano
Neurology Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy.
Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Pract Neurol. 2018 Jun;18(3):227-237. doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2017-001743. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
Neuropsychological testing is a key diagnostic tool for assessing people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, but can also help in other neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury and epilepsy. While cognitive screening tests offer gross information, detailed neuropsychological evaluation can provide data on different cognitive domains (visuospatial function, memory, attention, executive function, language and praxis) as well as neuropsychiatric and behavioural features. We should regard neuropsychological testing as an extension of the neurological examination applied to higher order cortical function, since each cognitive domain has an anatomical substrate. Ideally, neurologists should discuss the indications and results of neuropsychological assessment with a clinical neuropsychologist. This paper summarises the rationale, indications, main features, most common tests and pitfalls in neuropsychological evaluation.
神经心理学测试是评估痴呆症和轻度认知障碍患者的关键诊断工具，但在其他神经系统疾病中也有帮助，如帕金森病、中风、多发性硬化症、创伤性脑损伤和癫痫。虽然认知筛查测试能提供大致信息，但详细的神经心理学评估可提供不同认知领域（视觉空间功能、记忆、注意力、执行功能、语言和运用能力）以及神经精神和行为特征的数据。我们应将神经心理学测试视为应用于高阶皮质功能的神经学检查的延伸，因为每个认知领域都有其解剖学基础。理想情况下，神经科医生应与临床神经心理学家讨论神经心理学评估的适应症和结果。本文总结了神经心理学评估的基本原理、适应症、主要特征、最常用的测试方法和陷阱。
