Fadalla Carol, Singer Jonathan, Rerick Peter, Elliott Lauren, McLean Elisabeth, Schneider Sydnie, Chrzanowski Lauren, Molinar-Lopez Veronica, Neugebauer Volker
Department of Psychological Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79410, USA.
Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
Aging (Albany NY). 2024 Nov 27;17(1):33-50. doi: 10.18632/aging.206166.
We explored whether depression and anxiety moderated the association of ethnicity and neurocognitive functioning among a sample of Hispanic and non-Hispanic White rural aging adults.
1,462 rural dwelling adults (age = 59.4 years, ge = 12.12) were included in the analysis for this study.
MANCOVAs revealed a significant ( < .001) multivariate effect of ethnicity on all five indices of neurocognitive functioning when controlling for anxiety and sociodemographic variables ( = .20, (5,1,310) = 64.69) and depression and sociodemographic variables in the second model ( = .20, (5,1310) = 65.80, < .001). There was also a multivariate effect of anxiety ( = .02, (5,1310) = 4.57, < .001) and depression ( = .04, (5, 1310) = 11.38, < .001) on neurocognitive functioning when controlling for sociodemographic variables and ethnicity.
Findings revealed that Hispanic rural aging adults scored lower on neurocognitive functioning compared to non-Hispanic White rural aging adults, irrespective of depression or anxiety. Depression and anxiety contributed to lower scores on neurocognitive functioning-yet this finding was not as robust. Culturally tailored interventions targeting risk factors for neurocognitive impairment in Hispanic rural aging adults are imperative to mitigate neurocognitive disparities. One possible reason for differences in neurocognitive functioning between Hispanic individuals and non-Hispanic individuals is stress as ethnic health disparities have been found to be shaped by a diverse range of lifetime stressors that are disproportionally exacerbated for ethnic minorities.
我们探讨了在西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人农村老年成年人样本中，抑郁和焦虑是否调节了种族与神经认知功能之间的关联。
1462名农村居住成年人（年龄 = 59.4岁，标准差 = 12.12）纳入本研究分析。
协方差分析显示，在控制焦虑和社会人口统计学变量时（η² = 0.20，F(5,1310) = 64.69，p <.001）以及在第二个模型中控制抑郁和社会人口统计学变量时（η² = 0.20，F(5,1310) = 65.80，p <.001），种族对神经认知功能的所有五个指标均有显著的多变量效应（p <.001）。在控制社会人口统计学变量和种族时，焦虑（η² = 0.02，F(5,1310) = 4.57，p <.001）和抑郁（η² = 0.04，F(5,1310) = 11.38，p <.001）对神经认知功能也有多变量效应。
研究结果表明，无论抑郁或焦虑情况如何，西班牙裔农村老年成年人在神经认知功能方面的得分低于非西班牙裔白人农村老年成年人。抑郁和焦虑导致神经认知功能得分较低——但这一发现并不那么显著。针对西班牙裔农村老年成年人神经认知障碍风险因素的文化适应性干预措施对于减轻神经认知差异至关重要。西班牙裔个体与非西班牙裔个体在神经认知功能上存在差异的一个可能原因是压力，因为种族健康差异已被发现是由多种终生压力源塑造的，而这些压力源对少数族裔的影响尤为严重。
