Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Science. 2018 Feb 23;359(6378). doi: 10.1126/science.aao6047.
Mitochondrial apoptosis is mediated by BAK and BAX, two proteins that induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, leading to cytochrome c release and activation of apoptotic caspases. In the absence of active caspases, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) triggers the innate immune cGAS/STING pathway, causing dying cells to secrete type I interferon. How cGAS gains access to mtDNA remains unclear. We used live-cell lattice light-sheet microscopy to examine the mitochondrial network in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We found that after BAK/BAX activation and cytochrome c loss, the mitochondrial network broke down and large BAK/BAX pores appeared in the outer membrane. These BAK/BAX macropores allowed the inner mitochondrial membrane to herniate into the cytosol, carrying with it mitochondrial matrix components, including the mitochondrial genome. Apoptotic caspases did not prevent herniation but dismantled the dying cell to suppress mtDNA-induced innate immune signaling.
线粒体凋亡是由 BAK 和 BAX 介导的,这两种蛋白可诱导线粒体外膜通透性增加,导致细胞色素 c 释放和凋亡半胱天冬酶的激活。在没有活性半胱天冬酶的情况下,线粒体 DNA(mtDNA)触发先天免疫 cGAS/STING 途径,导致垂死的细胞分泌 I 型干扰素。cGAS 如何获得 mtDNA 尚不清楚。我们使用活细胞晶格光片显微镜检查了小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中的线粒体网络。我们发现,在 BAK/BAX 激活和细胞色素 c 丢失后,线粒体网络崩溃,外膜出现大的 BAK/BAX 孔。这些 BAK/BAX 大孔允许线粒体内膜向内质网突出,同时携带线粒体基质成分,包括线粒体基因组。凋亡半胱天冬酶不会阻止突出,但会分解垂死的细胞,以抑制 mtDNA 诱导的先天免疫信号。