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一个全球分析激酶功能在菌丝形态发生揭示了一个角色的内吞作用调节剂 Akl1。

A Global Analysis of Kinase Function in Hyphal Morphogenesis Reveals a Role for the Endocytosis Regulator Akl1.

机构信息

B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Haifa, Israel.

Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

出版信息

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018 Feb 8;8:17. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00017. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

The human pathogenic fungus can switch between yeast and hyphal morphologies as a function of environmental conditions and cellular physiology. The yeast-to-hyphae morphogenetic switch is activated by well-established, kinase-based signal transduction pathways that are induced by extracellular stimuli. In order to identify possible inhibitory pathways of the yeast-to-hyphae transition, we interrogated a collection of protein kinases and phosphatases ectopically expressed under the regulation of the TETon promoter. Proportionately more phosphatases than kinases were identified that inhibited hyphal morphogenesis, consistent with the known role of protein phosphorylation in hyphal induction. Among the kinases, we identified as a gene that significantly suppressed hyphal morphogenesis in serum. Akl1 specifically affected hyphal elongation rather than initiation: overexpression of repressed hyphal growth, and deletion of resulted in acceleration of the rate of hyphal elongation. Akl1 suppressed fluid-phase endocytosis, probably via Pan1, a putative clathrin-mediated endocytosis scaffolding protein. In the absence of Akl1, the Pan1 patches were delocalized from the sub-apical region, and fluid-phase endocytosis was intensified. These results underscore the requirement of an active endocytic pathway for hyphal morphogenesis. Furthermore, these results suggest that under standard conditions, endocytosis is rate-limiting for hyphal elongation.

摘要

人致病性真菌可以根据环境条件和细胞生理学在酵母和菌丝形态之间切换。酵母到菌丝的形态发生转换是由已建立的、基于激酶的信号转导途径激活的,这些途径是由细胞外刺激诱导的。为了确定可能抑制酵母到菌丝转变的抑制途径,我们在外源表达受 TetOn 启动子调控的蛋白激酶和磷酸酶集合中进行了询问。鉴定出的磷酸酶比例高于激酶,抑制菌丝形态发生,与已知的蛋白质磷酸化在菌丝诱导中的作用一致。在激酶中,我们鉴定出 Akl1 是一个显著抑制血清中菌丝形态发生的基因。Akl1 特异性影响菌丝伸长而不是起始:过表达 Akl1 抑制菌丝生长,而缺失 Akl1 导致菌丝伸长率加快。Akl1 抑制液相反噬作用,可能通过 Pan1 ,一种假定的网格蛋白介导的内吞作用支架蛋白。在没有 Akl1 的情况下,Pan1 斑块从亚顶点区域去定位,并且液相反噬作用被加强。这些结果强调了活跃的内吞作用途径对于菌丝形态发生的要求。此外,这些结果表明,在标准条件下,内吞作用是菌丝伸长的限速步骤。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/30c2/5809406/44c252470641/fcimb-08-00017-g0001.jpg

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