Carnes Jeronimo, Gallego Maria T, Moya Raquel, Iraola Victor
R&D Department, Laboratorios LETI, Tres Cantos, Spain.
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2018;12(2):110-119. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180221155908.
Chemically modified allergen extracts, known as allergoids, are commonly used for treating allergic patients. In general terms, the concept of allergoids implies allergen extracts with a reduction of their allergenicity maintaining their immunogenicity. Different methods to obtain allergoids have been developed in the past years, opening attractive lines of research.
To review the different approaches to allergoid development as well as their characterization, mechanism of action and efficacy and safety issues.
A revision and analysis of the different types of allergoids has been performed, with special attention to patents submitted and granted in the last years. Additionally, updated information about the mechanism of action and clinical evidence and safety of allergoids has been discussed.
Principally, allergoids are obtained by the polymerization of native allergen extracts with aldehydes, including formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. However, recent patents and publications about different chemical modifications have been presented, as well as about the use of new adjuvants with allergoids. Regarding the characterization, allergoids require more sophisticated analytical methods than native extracts, as a consequence of their properties and characteristics.
In the last years, the partial understanding of the mechanism of action and the generation of clinical evidence of different types of allergoids, linked to their excellent safety profile and their convenience for a quick build up phase, have made of allergoids an excellent product for allergy treatment.
化学修饰的变应原提取物，即所谓的类变应原，常用于治疗过敏患者。一般来说，类变应原的概念意味着变应原提取物在降低其致敏性的同时保持其免疫原性。在过去几年中，已经开发出了不同的获取类变应原的方法，开辟了有吸引力的研究方向。
综述类变应原开发的不同方法及其特性、作用机制、疗效和安全性问题。
对不同类型的类变应原进行了修订和分析，特别关注近年来提交和授予的专利。此外，还讨论了有关类变应原作用机制、临床证据和安全性的最新信息。
主要地，类变应原是通过天然变应原提取物与醛类（包括甲醛或戊二醛）聚合而获得的。然而，最近已经有关于不同化学修饰以及类变应原与新佐剂联合使用的专利和出版物。关于特性，由于类变应原的性质和特点，它们需要比天然提取物更复杂的分析方法。
在过去几年中，对不同类型类变应原作用机制的部分理解以及临床证据的产生，再加上它们出色的安全性和快速诱导期的便利性，使类变应原成为治疗过敏的优秀产品。
