Evolution Biotechnologies, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LZ, UK.
Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Feb 23;15(2):389. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15020389.
Over the past three decades, a range of mosquito-borne viruses that threaten public and veterinary health have emerged or re-emerged in Europe. Mosquito surveillance activities have highlighted the species complex as being critical for the maintenance of a number of these viruses. This species complex contains morphologically similar forms that exhibit variation in phenotypes that can influence the probability of virus transmission. Critical amongst these is the choice of host on which to feed, with different forms showing different feeding preferences. This influences the ability of the mosquito to vector viruses and facilitate transmission of viruses to humans and domestic animals. Biases towards blood-feeding on avian or mammalian hosts have been demonstrated for different ecoforms and emerging evidence of hybrid populations across Europe adds another level of complexity to virus transmission. A range of molecular methods based on DNA have been developed to enable discrimination between morphologically indistinguishable forms, although this remains an active area of research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of developments in the understanding of the ecology, behaviour and genetics of in Europe, and how this influences arbovirus transmission.
在过去的三十年中，一系列威胁公共和兽医健康的蚊媒病毒在欧洲出现或再次出现。蚊子监测活动强调了该物种复合体对于维持许多这些病毒的重要性。该物种复合体包含形态相似的形式，表现出表型的变异，这可能影响病毒传播的概率。其中关键的是选择吸血的宿主，不同的形式表现出不同的吸血偏好。这影响了蚊子传播病毒和将病毒传播给人类和家畜的能力。已经证明不同的生态型偏向于禽类或哺乳动物宿主的吸血，而欧洲新兴的杂种种群的证据增加了病毒传播的另一个复杂层面。已经开发了一系列基于 DNA 的分子方法来区分形态上无法区分的形式，尽管这仍然是一个活跃的研究领域。本文综述了欧洲对 的生态学、行为和遗传学的理解的发展，以及这如何影响虫媒病毒的传播。
