a Department of Nursing , College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan.
b College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
Subst Abus. 2018;39(4):426-433. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1443314. Epub 2018 May 15.
Drinking and smoking commonly co-occur in undergraduate students. Although an identity as a drinker is a known predictor of alcohol use and alcohol problems, and early evidence suggests that it also predicts smoking, the role of these behaviors in the development of an identity as a drinker is unknown. In this study, the authors conceptualized a drinker identity as an enduring memory structure referred to as a self-schema and conducted a preliminary investigation of the relationships between early drinking experiences, drinker self-schema, and alcohol and tobacco use in undergraduate students.
Three-hundred thirty undergraduates who reported current alcohol and tobacco use were recruited for an online survey study. Frequency of alcohol and tobacco use in the past 30 days, drinker self-schema, and early experiences with alcohol were measured.
Structural equation modeling showed that parental alcohol problems were associated with early onset of drinking. Early onset of drinking and high school friends' drinking were associated with more alcohol use and alcohol-related problems in high school. Alcohol problems during high school were associated with high drinker self-schema scores, which were associated with high frequency of alcohol and tobacco use during college. The indirect effects through the drinker self-schema were significant.
Although cross-sectional, this preliminary examination supports theoretical predictions that early alcohol experiences may contribute to development of the drinker self-schema, which, as expected, was positively associated with alcohol and tobacco use in college. Longitudinal studies that track the unfolding of drinking behavior and the contextual factors that are associated with it in the development of the drinker self-schema are essential to confirming the theoretical model. If supported, implications for intervention at different developmental stages to prevent early onset of drinking, limit adolescent alcohol use, and modify the development of a drinker self-schema may mitigate undergraduate drinking and smoking.
大学生中饮酒和吸烟通常同时发生。尽管作为饮酒者的身份是饮酒行为和饮酒问题的已知预测因素，并且早期证据表明它也可以预测吸烟，但这些行为在饮酒者身份形成中的作用尚不清楚。在这项研究中，作者将饮酒者身份概念化为一种持久的记忆结构，称为自我图式，并对大学生早期饮酒经历、饮酒者自我图式与酒精和烟草使用之间的关系进行了初步研究。
招募了 330 名报告目前饮酒和吸烟的本科生参加在线调查研究。测量了过去 30 天内的酒精和烟草使用频率、饮酒者自我图式以及早期的饮酒经历。
结构方程模型表明，父母的酒精问题与饮酒的早期开始有关。早期饮酒和高中朋友的饮酒与高中时更多的饮酒和与酒精相关的问题有关。高中时的酒精问题与较高的饮酒者自我图式评分相关，而较高的饮酒者自我图式评分与大学期间较高的酒精和烟草使用频率相关。通过饮酒者自我图式的间接效应是显著的。
尽管这是一项横断面研究，但初步研究结果支持了这样一种理论预测，即早期的酒精体验可能有助于形成饮酒者自我图式，而正如预期的那样，饮酒者自我图式与大学期间的酒精和烟草使用呈正相关。跟踪饮酒行为发展的纵向研究以及与饮酒者自我图式发展相关的背景因素的研究对于验证理论模型至关重要。如果得到支持，那么在不同的发展阶段进行干预以预防早期饮酒、限制青少年饮酒以及改变饮酒者自我图式的发展，可能会减少大学生的饮酒和吸烟行为。
