Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Prev Med. 2018 Jun;111:41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.021. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
A considerable proportion of European adults report little or no interest in physical activity. Identifying individual-level and environmental-level characteristics of these individuals can help designing effective interventions and policies to promote physical activity. This cross-sectional study additionally explored associations between level of interest and physical activity, after controlling for other individual and environmental variables. Measures of objective and perceived features of the physical environment of residence, self-reported physical activity and other lifestyle behaviors, barriers towards physical activity, general health, and demographics were obtained from 5205 European adults participating in the 2014 online SPOTLIGHT survey. t-Tests, chi-square tests, and generalized estimating equations with negative binomial log-link function were conducted. Adults not interested in physical activity reported a higher BMI and a lower self-rated health, were less educated, and to a smaller extent female and less frequently employed. They were more prone to have less healthy eating habits, and to perceive more barriers towards physical activity. Only minor differences were observed in environmental attributes: the non-interested were slightly more likely to live in neighborhoods objectively characterized as less aesthetic and containing more destinations, and perceived as less functional, safe, and aesthetic. Even after controlling for other individual and environmental factors, interest in physical activity remained a significant correlate of physical activity, supporting the importance of this association. This study is among the first to describe characteristics of individuals with reduced interest in physical activity, suggesting that (lack of) interest is a robust correlate of physical activity in several personal and environmental conditions.
相当一部分欧洲成年人报告对体力活动几乎没有兴趣或完全没有兴趣。识别这些个体的个体水平和环境水平特征可以帮助设计有效的干预措施和政策来促进体力活动。本横断面研究还在控制了其他个体和环境变量后，探讨了兴趣水平与体力活动之间的关联。来自于 2014 年在线 SPOTLIGHT 调查的 5205 名欧洲成年人的客观和感知居住环境特征、自我报告的体力活动和其他生活方式行为、体力活动障碍、一般健康和人口统计学方面的措施。进行了 t 检验、卡方检验和广义估计方程的负二项对数链接函数检验。对体力活动不感兴趣的成年人报告的 BMI 更高，自我报告的健康状况更差，受教育程度更低，女性比例和就业频率更低。他们更倾向于有不健康的饮食习惯，并感知到更多的体力活动障碍。在环境属性方面只观察到了微小的差异：不感兴趣的人更有可能生活在客观上认为不太美观、有更多目的地的社区，而且他们认为社区的功能、安全和美观程度较低。即使在控制了其他个体和环境因素后，对体力活动的兴趣仍然是体力活动的一个显著相关因素，这支持了这种关联的重要性。这项研究是描述对体力活动兴趣降低的个体特征的首批研究之一，表明（缺乏）兴趣是在多种个人和环境条件下与体力活动密切相关的因素。
