TU Wien, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources, Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Karlsplatz 13/226, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
TU Wien, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources, Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Karlsplatz 13/226, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
Waste Manag. 2018 Jun;76:217-224. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.034. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Aluminum (Al) represents the metal with the highest consumption growth in the last few decades. Beside its increasing usage in the transport (lightweight construction of vehicles) and building sector, Al is used ever more frequently for household goods like packaging material, which represents a readily available source for secondary aluminum due to its short lifetime. The present paper investigates the extent to which this potential source for recycling of Al is already utilized in Austria and highlights areas for future improvements. Thereto a detailed material flow analysis for Al used in packaging & household non-packaging in 2013 was conducted. In practice, all Al flows starting from market entrance through waste collection and processing until its final recycling or disposal have been investigated. The results indicate that about 25,100 t/a (2.96 kg/cap/a) of Al packaging & household non-packaging arose as waste. At present about 9800 t/a, or 39%, are recycled as secondary Al, of which 26% is regained from separate collection and sorting, 8% from bottom ash and 5% from mechanical treatment. The type of Al packaging & household non-packaging affects the recycling rate: 82% of the total recycled quantities come from rigid packaging & household non-packaging, while only 3% of the total recycled Al derives from flexible materials. A significant amount of Al was lost during thermal waste treatment due to oxidation (10%) and insufficient recovery of Al from both waste incineration bottom ash and municipal solid waste treated in mechanical biological treatment plants (49%). Overall it can be concluded that once Al ends up in commingled waste the recovery of Al becomes less likely and its material quality is reduced. Although Austria can refer to a highly developed recycling system, the Austrian packaging industry, collection and recovery systems and waste management need to increase their efforts to comply with future recycling targets.
铝（Al）是过去几十年中消费增长最快的金属。除了在运输（车辆轻量化结构）和建筑领域的应用不断增加外，铝还越来越多地用于包装材料等家用产品，由于其使用寿命短，因此是二次铝的现成来源。本文研究了奥地利目前在多大程度上利用了这一回收铝的潜在来源，并强调了未来改进的领域。为此，对 2013 年包装和非包装家用铝的详细物质流分析进行了研究。在实践中，调查了从市场进入到废物收集和处理，直到最终回收或处置的所有铝流。结果表明，约有 25100 吨/年（2.96 公斤/人/年）的包装和非包装家用铝作为废物产生。目前，约有 9800 吨/年，或 39%，作为二次铝回收，其中 26%是从单独收集和分类中回收，8%来自底灰，5%来自机械处理。铝包装和非包装的类型影响回收率：82%的总回收量来自刚性包装和非包装，而总回收铝的 3%来自柔性材料。由于氧化（10%）和从废物焚烧底灰和机械生物处理厂处理的城市固体废物中回收铝的不足（49%），大量铝在热废物处理过程中损失。总的来说，可以得出结论，一旦铝进入混合废物，回收铝的可能性就会降低，其材料质量也会降低。尽管奥地利可以参考一个高度发达的回收系统，但奥地利的包装行业、收集和回收系统以及废物管理需要加大努力，以符合未来的回收目标。
