Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80204.
Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755.
Am J Hum Biol. 2018 Jul;30(4):e23116. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23116. Epub 2018 Feb 24.
The primary purpose of this study was to (i) examine associations between prenatal objective vulnerability and subjective stress, and (ii) investigate the relationships between prenatal vulnerability and subjective stress and early childhood BMI at 24- and 54- months of age after controlling for covariates.
The Growing Up in New Zealand (GUiNZ) longitudinal study provided information on 5839 pregnant women and their children to assess the study objectives. Vulnerability, operationalized by nine objective-risk factors, and subjective stress, operationalized by the Perceived Stress Scale, were independently investigated. Hierarchical linear regression models were conducted to analyze the associations between both prenatal measures and childhood BMI at 24- and 54- months of age.
Correlations between subjective stress and objective vulnerability were low but significant (r = .28, P < .01). Exposure to one additional risk factor during pregnancy was significantly associated with a .11 increase in BMI z-score at 24-months (P < .01) and a .15 increase in BMI z-score at 54-months (P < .01), after controlling for covariates including maternal prepregnancy BMI. Subjective prenatal stress was not significantly associated with either child BMI outcome.
Vulnerability and subjective stress were minimally correlated in this sample. Vulnerability, but not subjective stress, was associated with childhood BMI at 24- and 54- months of age. This study informs our understanding of how risk exposures and stress responses early in life impacts offspring obesity risk, and it may help identify strategies that decrease early life predisposition to adult disease.
本研究的主要目的是：（i）检验产前客观脆弱性与主观压力之间的关联；（ii）在控制协变量的情况下，调查产前脆弱性和主观压力与 24 个月和 54 个月时幼儿 BMI 之间的关系。
新西兰成长研究（Guinz）纵向研究提供了 5839 名孕妇及其子女的信息，以评估研究目标。脆弱性通过 9 个客观风险因素来操作化，主观压力通过感知压力量表来操作化。采用分层线性回归模型分析这两个产前指标与 24 个月和 54 个月时儿童 BMI 的关系。
主观压力与客观脆弱性之间存在低度但显著的相关性（r=.28，P<.01）。在怀孕期间暴露于一个额外的风险因素与 24 个月时 BMI z 评分增加 0.11（P<.01）和 54 个月时 BMI z 评分增加 0.15（P<.01）显著相关，这是在控制包括母体孕前 BMI 在内的协变量之后的结果。主观产前压力与任何儿童 BMI 结果均无显著相关性。
在本样本中，脆弱性和主观压力之间相关性较低。脆弱性，而不是主观压力，与 24 个月和 54 个月时的儿童 BMI 相关。这项研究使我们更深入地了解生命早期的风险暴露和应激反应如何影响后代肥胖风险，这可能有助于确定减少早期生活对成年疾病易感性的策略。
