Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Rescue Agency, 2437 Morena Boulevard, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.
Addict Behav. 2018 Jul;82:28-34. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.014. Epub 2018 Feb 10.
Peer crowds, peer groups with macro-level connections and shared norms that transcend geography and race/ethnicity, have been linked to risky health behaviors. Research has demonstrated that Hip Hop peer crowd identification, which is common among multicultural youth, is associated with increased risk of tobacco use. To address this, the FDA Center for Tobacco Products created Fresh Empire, the first national tobacco education campaign tailored for Hip Hop youth aged 12-17 who are multicultural (Hispanic, African American, Asian-Pacific Islander, or Multiracial). As part of campaign development, peer crowd (Hip Hop, Mainstream, Popular, Alternative, Country) and cigarette smoking status were examined for the first time with a nationally recruited sample.
Youth were recruited via targeted social media advertisements. Participants aged 13-17 (n = 5153) self-reported peer crowd identification via the I-Base Survey™ and cigarette smoking status. Differences in smoking status by peer crowd were examined using chi-square and followed up with z-tests to identify specific differences.
Alternative youth were most at risk of cigarette smoking, followed by Hip Hop. Specifically, Hip Hop youth were significantly less likely to be Non-susceptible Non-triers than Popular, Mainstream, and Country youth, and more likely to be Experimenters than Popular and Mainstream youth.
Representative studies show that Alternative is relatively small compared to other high-risk crowds, such as the Hip Hop peer crowd. The current research underscores the potential utility of interventions tailored to larger at-risk crowds for campaigns like Fresh Empire.
同辈群体，即具有跨越地理和种族/族裔界限的宏观联系和共同规范的群体，与危险的健康行为有关。研究表明，嘻哈同辈群体认同在多元文化青年中很常见，这与增加吸烟风险有关。为了解决这个问题，FDA 烟草制品中心创建了 Fresh Empire，这是第一个针对年龄在 12-17 岁的、具有多元文化背景（西班牙裔、非裔美国人、亚太裔或多种族）的嘻哈青年的全国性烟草教育运动。作为运动发展的一部分，首次对具有全国代表性的样本进行了同辈群体（嘻哈、主流、流行、另类、乡村）和吸烟状况的调查。
通过有针对性的社交媒体广告招募青年。年龄在 13-17 岁的参与者（n=5153）通过 I-Base Survey™自我报告对嘻哈同辈群体的认同和吸烟状况。使用卡方检验和 z 检验来检验不同同辈群体的吸烟状况差异，并进一步识别特定差异。
另类青年吸烟风险最高，其次是嘻哈青年。具体来说，与流行、主流和乡村青年相比，嘻哈青年更不可能是非易感非尝试者，而更有可能是尝试者，与流行和主流青年相比，更有可能是实验者。
代表性研究表明，与其他高风险群体（如嘻哈同辈群体）相比，另类相对较小。当前的研究强调了针对像 Fresh Empire 这样的运动的更大风险群体进行量身定制的干预措施的潜在效用。
