U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
J Prim Care Community Health. 2021 Jan-Dec;12:21501327211004735. doi: 10.1177/21501327211004735.
The U.S. encompasses a heterogenous mix of people and health disparities exist for various subpopulations, such as minorities, women, people with limited English proficiency, those with low socioeconomic status, and other underserved groups. Differences in health outcomes arise in part due to inequalities and injustices rooted in biological, social, and structural factors. Because the origins of health disparities are multifactorial, the approaches to reduce, or even eliminate them, must be multifactorial as well. The social and behavioral sciences are well poised to address the myriad and complex factors that affect health outcomes, including those at the individual level (eg, individuals' behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs), the neighborhood level (eg, housing), the community level (eg, cultural values and norms), and the policy level (eg, public policies that influence healthcare funding and access to healthcare resources and educational materials). In addition, the social and behavioral sciences (1) help equip government agencies with the perspectives and tools needed to promote health equity and (2) contribute to rigorous, evidence-based solutions for public health issues, such as disparities found in childhood vaccination rates, childhood obesity, tobacco use, and access to health information technology. The FDA, in particular, actively conducts social and behavioral sciences research to guide the Agency's efforts to advance and support health equity.
美国是一个由各种不同人群组成的多元化混合体,不同的亚人群体(如少数民族、女性、英语水平有限的人、社会经济地位低的人以及其他服务不足的群体)存在健康差距。健康结果的差异部分归因于源于生物、社会和结构因素的不平等和不公正。由于健康差距的起源是多因素的,因此减少甚至消除这些差距的方法也必须是多因素的。社会和行为科学非常适合解决影响健康结果的无数复杂因素,包括个人层面的因素(例如个人的行为、态度和信念)、邻里层面的因素(例如住房)、社区层面的因素(例如文化价值观和规范)以及政策层面的因素(例如影响医疗保健资金和获得医疗保健资源和教育材料的公共政策)。此外,社会和行为科学(1)帮助政府机构配备所需的观点和工具,以促进健康公平,(2)为公共卫生问题提供严格的、基于证据的解决方案,例如在儿童疫苗接种率、儿童肥胖、烟草使用和获得健康信息技术方面的差距。美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)特别积极开展社会和行为科学研究,以指导该机构努力推进和支持健康公平。