King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2018 Apr;18(4):e147-e155. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.02.005. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
Azacitidine and decitabine are hypomethylating agents frequently used interchangeably to treat myeloid neoplasms in different settings. Azacitidine is metabolized intracellularly into decitabine. Hypomethylating agents work by inhibiting DNA methyltransferases, causing demethylation of aberrantly methylated promoter regions of genes involved in the pathogenesis of myeloid neoplasms. Azacitidine was the first agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome in 2004, after which, the use of azacitidine in other myeloid neoplasms increased significantly. It is a well tolerated agent and can be safely administered in the outpatient setting, which makes it an attractive choice for patients as well as physicians. In this review we summarize the published literature about the use of azacitidine in myeloid neoplasms, and shed the light on some ongoing trials.
阿扎胞苷和地西他滨是两种常用于治疗不同情况下髓系肿瘤的低甲基化剂，可互换使用。阿扎胞苷在细胞内代谢为地西他滨。低甲基化剂通过抑制 DNA 甲基转移酶起作用，导致参与髓系肿瘤发病机制的基因中异常甲基化启动子区域去甲基化。2004 年，阿扎胞苷在美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗骨髓增生异常综合征，此后，阿扎胞苷在其他髓系肿瘤中的应用显著增加。它是一种耐受性良好的药物，可在门诊安全使用，这使其成为患者和医生的理想选择。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于阿扎胞苷在髓系肿瘤中的应用的已发表文献，并介绍了一些正在进行的试验。
