Moncharmont P
Hémovigilance, département des vigilances, site de Décines, Établissement français du sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 111, rue Élisée-Reclus CS 20617, 69153 Décines-Charpieu cedex, France.
Transfus Clin Biol. 2018 Sep;25(3):172-178. doi: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.01.003. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
Platelet transfusion in patients, particularly in onco-haematology, is frequent and can become chronic in some cases. Post-transfusion alloimmunization is often seen, in practice. The risk of this is significantly improved in multitransfused patients. Several classes of antigens binding on platelets (HLA and HPA) are involved and also red blood cell antigens (residual red blood cells in platelet concentrates). Platelet alloimmunization causes a poor transfusion response, refractoriness and, more rarely, post-transfusion purpura. In an alloimmunized recipient, the efficiency of platelet transfusion is based on the selection of compatible products. Significant technical progress means that several methods are currently available to ensure a good post-transfusion platelet count and a satisfactory clinical outcome for the patient.
血小板输注在患者中很常见，尤其是在肿瘤血液学领域，在某些情况下可能会变成慢性的。在实际操作中，经常会出现输血后同种免疫。多次输血的患者发生这种情况的风险会显著增加。血小板上结合的几类抗原（人类白细胞抗原和血小板特异性抗原）以及红细胞抗原（血小板浓缩物中的残留红细胞）都与之相关。血小板同种免疫会导致输血反应不佳、输注无效，更罕见的是输血后紫癜。在同种免疫的受血者中，血小板输注的效果取决于选择相容的产品。重大的技术进步意味着目前有几种方法可用于确保输血后血小板计数良好，并为患者带来令人满意的临床结果。
