Pashkov Vitaliy, Olefir Andrii
Poltava Law Institute Of Yaroslav Mudriy National Law University, Poltava, Ukraine.
Wiad Lek. 2017;70(6 pt 1):1122-1132.
Introduction: Among all categories of patients children (minors) must be protected first. It is caused so by the specificity of the treatment, their vulnerability, the need of further protection and supervision. Providing of medical care services for children are often connected with the risks of the process of treatment, and of the drug usage. The aim: To identify the problems associated with the protection of the rights of minors and, on the basis of this, the basic guarantees of their rights, as well as mark the trends in the practice of ECHR.
Materials and Methods: The study is based on its own theoretical and empirical basis. The theoretical basis include scientific articles, expert reviews of legislation and communications of non-governmental organisations, and empirical - decisions of the ECHR, international legal acts and directives of the EU.
Results: The main violations of the rights of minor children include the following: - legal representatives of children do not take to the account their interests (refusal of medical intervention or the choice of certain method of interference); - medical intervention under the influence of coercion; - providing of unwarranted medical care without the corresponding testimony; - providing of inadequate medical care: when the patient was only examined and ineffective treatment was prescribed, and others. As for mentally ill children, the following rights are usually violated: for life, for a fair trial. It has been proved that defects in the provision of health care are often predetermined by the poor state logistics of hospitals, lack of financing and appropriate pediatric medicines, outdated methods of treatment, and incompetence of some doctors.
Conclusions: From the point of view of protecting the rights of minors, the rights of children in medicine can be classified into universal and special. The rights correspond not only to the corresponding duties of medical staff, but also of their parents (legal representatives). Violations of their rights are usually related to improper representation of the interests of children and disadvantages of providing medical services (defects in their provision), in particular, regarding the treatment of mentally ill, as well as in clinical trials. It has been proven that the practice of the ECHR on the protection of the rights of the child in the field of health is of particular importance.
引言：在所有患者类别中，儿童（未成年人）必须首先得到保护。这是由治疗的特殊性、他们的脆弱性、进一步保护和监督的必要性所导致的。为儿童提供医疗服务往往与治疗过程和药物使用的风险相关。目标：确定与保护未成年人权利相关的问题，并在此基础上确定其权利的基本保障，以及指出欧洲人权法院实践中的趋势。
材料与方法：本研究基于自身的理论和实证基础。理论基础包括科学文章、立法专家评论和非政府组织的通信，实证基础包括欧洲人权法院的裁决、国际法律行为和欧盟指令。
结果：未成年儿童权利的主要侵犯包括以下方面：——儿童的法定代表人不考虑他们的利益（拒绝医疗干预或选择某种干预方法）；——在胁迫影响下的医疗干预；——在没有相应证据的情况下提供不必要的医疗护理；——提供不充分的医疗护理：当仅对患者进行检查并开出无效治疗方案时，以及其他情况。至于患有精神疾病的儿童，以下权利通常会受到侵犯：生命权、公平审判权。事实证明，医疗保健提供方面的缺陷往往是由医院后勤状况不佳、资金不足和缺乏适当的儿科药物、过时的治疗方法以及一些医生的不称职所预先决定的。
结论：从保护未成年人权利的角度来看，医学中儿童的权利可分为普遍权利和特殊权利。这些权利不仅对应医务人员的相应职责，也对应其父母（法定代表人）的职责。侵犯他们的权利通常与儿童利益的不当代表以及医疗服务提供方面的不足（提供中的缺陷）有关，特别是在精神疾病治疗以及临床试验方面。事实证明，欧洲人权法院在保护儿童健康领域权利方面的实践具有特别重要的意义。
