Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI.
Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2018 Sep;72(3):433-443. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.12.005. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
Physical activity has known health benefits and is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk in the general population. Relatively few data are available for physical activity in kidney transplant recipients. Compared to the general population, physical activity levels are lower overall in kidney recipients, although somewhat higher compared to the dialysis population. Recipient comorbid condition, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors, and long-term immunosuppression use negatively affect physical activity. Physical inactivity in kidney recipients may be associated with reduced quality of life, as well as increased mortality. Interventions such as exercise training appear to be safe in kidney transplant recipients and are associated with improved quality of life and exercise capacity. Additional studies are required to evaluate long-term effects on cardiovascular risk factors and ultimately cardiovascular disease outcomes and patient survival. Currently available data are characterized by wide variability in the interventions and outcome measures investigated in studies, as well as use of small sample-sized cohorts. These limitations highlight the need for larger studies using objective and standardized measures of physical activity and physical fitness in kidney transplant recipients.
身体活动对健康有益，与普通人群心血管风险降低相关。关于肾移植受者的身体活动，相关数据相对较少。与普通人群相比，肾移植受者的身体活动水平总体较低，但与透析人群相比略高。受者合并症、心理社会和社会经济因素以及长期免疫抑制的使用对身体活动有负面影响。肾移植受者不活动可能与生活质量降低以及死亡率增加有关。运动训练等干预措施在肾移植受者中似乎是安全的，并且与生活质量和运动能力的提高有关。需要进一步的研究来评估对心血管危险因素的长期影响，以及最终对心血管疾病结局和患者生存的影响。目前可用的数据特点是研究中干预措施和结果测量的变异性很大，以及使用小样本量队列。这些局限性突出表明需要更大规模的研究，使用客观和标准化的身体活动和身体适应性测量方法来评估肾移植受者的身体活动。
