J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018 Sep;118(9):1634-1643.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.12.009. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
Dietary intakes of young children are likely to be important determinants of their short- and long-term health, yet there are few longitudinal dietary studies of this age group, and no previous assessments of diets before age 2 years compared with national dietary guidelines.
This study aimed to compare vegetable, fruit, and discretionary food intakes of children aged 9 months to 5 years to dietary guidelines, and to assess differences in intakes by socioeconomic status and tracking of intakes across early childhood.
This study analyzed longitudinal data from the Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial Program early childhood lifestyle intervention trial, and is the first study to compare diets of children younger than age 2 years to national dietary guidelines.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Participants were 467 children in Melbourne, Australia, aged 4 months at baseline (study conducted 2008-2015).
Multiple 24-hour recalls with parents were conducted at child ages 9 months, 1.5 years, 3.5 years, and 5 years.
Intakes of vegetables, fruits, and discretionary foods were compared with Australian Dietary Guidelines. Differences by socioeconomic status and tracking of intakes of each food group were assessed by multivariable linear regression.
Few children (<10%) met guidelines for discretionary food intakes at any age. Most children (≥90%) met vegetable and fruit guidelines at 9 months, but thereafter rates of adequate intakes reduced substantially. Children of higher socioeconomic status consumed diets closer to guidelines for most food groups at most ages. Tracking of intakes was apparent across ages, with the strongest and most consistent tracking for discretionary foods.
This study shows that diets of Australian children participating in this lifestyle intervention trial were suboptimal from early life. The evidence of differences by socioeconomic status and tracking from age 9 months, particularly for discretionary foods, highlights the importance of research and action to support appropriate introduction of complementary foods during the first year of life, and of focusing these efforts on disadvantaged groups.
儿童的饮食摄入很可能是其短期和长期健康的重要决定因素，但针对该年龄段的纵向饮食研究较少，且之前没有对 2 岁以下儿童的饮食与国家饮食指南进行评估。
本研究旨在比较 9 个月至 5 岁儿童的蔬菜、水果和可自由支配食物的摄入量与饮食指南的差异，并评估社会经济地位差异和整个幼儿期饮食摄入量的变化。
本研究分析了澳大利亚墨尔本婴儿喂养活动和营养试验计划幼儿生活方式干预试验的纵向数据，是第一项将 2 岁以下儿童饮食与国家饮食指南进行比较的研究。
参与者/设置：参与者为 467 名来自澳大利亚墨尔本的儿童，基线年龄为 4 个月（研究于 2008 年至 2015 年进行）。
在儿童 9 个月、1.5 岁、3.5 岁和 5 岁时，由家长进行多次 24 小时回忆。
通过多变量线性回归比较蔬菜、水果和可自由支配食物的摄入量与澳大利亚饮食指南的差异。通过多变量线性回归评估每个食物组的社会经济地位差异和摄入量的跟踪情况。
很少有儿童（<10%）在任何年龄都符合可自由支配食物摄入量的指南标准。大多数儿童（≥90%）在 9 个月时符合蔬菜和水果指南标准，但此后，充足摄入量的比例大幅下降。社会经济地位较高的儿童在大多数年龄段对大多数食物组的饮食更接近指南标准。各年龄段的摄入量跟踪情况明显，可自由支配食物的跟踪情况最强且最一致。
本研究表明，参与这项生活方式干预试验的澳大利亚儿童的饮食并不理想。社会经济地位差异和 9 个月时开始的跟踪情况的证据，特别是可自由支配食物，突出了支持在生命的第一年适当引入补充食物的研究和行动的重要性，并且应将这些努力集中在弱势群体上。
