Campbell Karen J, Abbott Gavin, Zheng Miaobing, McNaughton Sarah A
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017 Aug;117(8):1188-1197.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.03.016. Epub 2017 May 17.
High consumption of protein has been associated with accelerated growth and adiposity in early childhood.
To describe intake, food sources, correlates, and tracking of protein in young children.
Secondary analysis of Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT). Dietary data were collected using three 24-hour dietary recalls at ages 9 and 18 months as well as 3.5 and 5 years.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: First-time mothers and their child (n=542) participated in an 18-month intervention to prevent childhood obesity and the cohort was followed-up with no intervention when children were aged 3.5 and 5 years.
Protein intake, food sources, correlates, and tracking of protein.
Child and maternal correlates of protein intake were identified using linear regression and tracking of protein intake was examined using Pearson correlations of residualized protein scores between time points.
Mean protein (grams per day) intake was 29.7±11.0, 46.3±11.5, 54.2±13.8, and 60.0±14.8 at 9 and 18 months and 3.5 and 5 years, respectively. Protein intakes at all ages were two to three times greater than age-appropriate Australian recommendations. The primary source of protein at 9 months was breast/formula milk. At later ages, the principal sources were milk/milk products, breads/cereals, and meat/meat products. Earlier breastfeeding cessation, earlier introduction of solids, high dairy milk consumption (≥500 mL), and high maternal education were significant predictors of high protein intake at various times (P<0.05). Slight tracking was found for protein intakes at 9 months, 18 months, and 5 years (r=0.16 to 0.21; P<0.01).
This study provides unique insights into food sources and correlates of young children's high protein intakes, and confirms that early protein intakes track slightly up to age 5 years. These finding have potential to inform nutrition interventions and strategies to address high protein intakes and protein-related obesity risk.
高蛋白摄入与幼儿期生长加速和肥胖有关。
描述幼儿蛋白质的摄入量、食物来源、相关因素及追踪情况。
对墨尔本婴儿喂养活动与营养试验（InFANT）进行二次分析。采用三次24小时饮食回顾法收集9个月、18个月、3.5岁和5岁时的饮食数据。
参与者/研究背景：初为人母者及其子女（n = 542）参与了一项为期18个月预防儿童肥胖的干预措施，当儿童3.5岁和5岁时，对该队列进行无干预随访。
蛋白质摄入量、食物来源、相关因素及蛋白质追踪情况。
采用线性回归确定蛋白质摄入量的儿童和母亲相关因素，并使用各时间点残差化蛋白质分数的Pearson相关性检验蛋白质摄入量的追踪情况。
9个月、18个月、3.5岁和5岁时的平均蛋白质摄入量（每日克数）分别为29.7±11.0、46.3±11.5、54.2±13.8和60.0±14.8。各年龄段的蛋白质摄入量均比澳大利亚相应年龄段的建议摄入量高出两到三倍。9个月时蛋白质的主要来源是母乳/配方奶。在稍大一些的年龄段，主要来源是牛奶/奶制品、面包/谷物和肉类/肉制品。较早停止母乳喂养、较早引入固体食物、高牛奶摄入量（≥500毫升）和母亲高学历是不同时期高蛋白摄入的显著预测因素（P<0.05）。在9个月、18个月和5岁时发现蛋白质摄入量有轻微的追踪情况（r = 0.16至0.21；P<0.01）。
本研究为幼儿高蛋白摄入的食物来源及相关因素提供了独特见解，并证实至5岁时早期蛋白质摄入量有轻微的追踪情况。这些发现有可能为解决高蛋白摄入及蛋白质相关肥胖风险的营养干预措施和策略提供参考。
