Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2018 Mar 5;131(5):574-582. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.226061.
In Japan, the demand for emergency transportation for people with heat-related illness has recently increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between incidents of heat-related illness and the daily maximum temperature.
The daily maximum temperatures in Japan's 11 districts over the past 10 years were classified into four categories, with cutoff points at the 50, 75, 95, and higher than 95 percentiles. We then conducted a logistic regression analysis of emergency transportation demand in each temperature category by age group, using the 50 percentile as the reference category for each area.
There were 42,931 cases of emergency transportation due to heat-related diseases during the study period. Classified by age, 12.5%, 43.4%, and 44.1% of cases involved children, adults, and elderly people, respectively. The analysis showed that the number of cases of emergency transportation for people with heat-related diseases (per 100,000 people; corresponding to a 1.0°C increase in the daily maximum temperature) was 0.016-0.106 among children (24.9-169.9 children required emergency transportation for heat-related diseases), from 0.013 to 0.059 among adults (19.8-98.2 adults required emergency transportation), and from 0.045 to 0.159 among elderly persons (30.0-145.4 elderly people required emergency transportation). The risk was highest for elderly persons, followed by children and finally adults. Cases of emergency transportation due to heat-related illness increased by 2.4-8.9 times when the daily maximum temperature was approximately 1.5°C above the mean daily maximum temperature. In fact, the daily maximum temperature had a larger effect than the daily relative humidity level on emergency transportation for people with heat-related diseases.
Public health organizations and health-care services should support elderly people and children, two high-risk groups for heat-related diseases.
在日本，与热相关疾病有关的急救运输需求最近有所增加。本研究的目的是调查与热相关疾病有关的事件与每日最高温度之间的关系。
将过去 10 年日本 11 个地区的每日最高温度分为 4 类，截断点为第 50、75、95 和高于 95 百分位数。然后，我们按年龄组对每个温度类别中的急救运输需求进行了逻辑回归分析，每个地区均以第 50 百分位数为参考类别。
在研究期间，因热相关疾病而进行的急救运输有 42931 例。按年龄分类，儿童、成年人和老年人分别占病例的 12.5%、43.4%和 44.1%。分析表明，因热相关疾病而进行的急救运输病例数（每 100000 人；相当于每日最高温度升高 1.0°C），儿童为 0.016-0.106（每 1.0°C 增加 1.0°C，需急救运输的热相关疾病儿童人数为 24.9-169.9 人），成年人为 0.013-0.059（每 1.0°C 增加 1.0°C，需急救运输的热相关疾病成年人人数为 19.8-98.2 人），老年人为 0.045-0.159（每 1.0°C 增加 1.0°C，需急救运输的热相关疾病老年人人数为 30.0-145.4 人）。风险最高的是老年人，其次是儿童，最后是成年人。当每日最高温度比每日平均最高温度高约 1.5°C 时，因热相关疾病而进行的急救运输病例数增加了 2.4-8.9 倍。实际上，每日最高温度对因热相关疾病而进行的急救运输的影响大于每日相对湿度水平。
公共卫生组织和医疗保健服务应该为老年人和儿童这两个热相关疾病的高风险群体提供支持。
