Shiffman Medical Library, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Stem Cells. 2018 Jul;36(7):969-976. doi: 10.1002/stem.2815. Epub 2018 Mar 9.
Neural stem and progenitor cells continue to generate new neurons in particular regions of the brain during adulthood. One of these neurogenic regions is the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, which plays an important role in cognition and emotion. By exploiting this innate neuronal regeneration mechanism in the DG, new technologies have the potential to promote resistance to or recovery from brain dysfunction or degeneration. However, a deeper understanding of how adult DG neurogenesis is regulated by factors such as sleep and epigenetic modifications of gene expression could lead to further breakthroughs in the clinical application of neural stem and progenitor cells. In this review, we discuss the functions of adult-born DG neurons, describe the epigenetic regulation of adult DG neurogenesis, identify overlaps in how sleep and epigenetic modifications impact adult DG neurogenesis and memory consolidation, and suggest ways of using sleep or epigenetic interventions as therapies for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. By knitting together separate strands of the literature, we hope to trigger new insights into how the functions of adult-generated neurons are directed by interactions between sleep-related neural processes and epigenetic mechanisms to facilitate novel approaches to preventing and treating brain disorders such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. Stem Cells 2018;36:969-976.
神经干细胞和祖细胞在成年期继续在大脑的特定区域产生新的神经元。其中一个神经发生区域是海马的齿状回（DG），它在认知和情绪中起着重要作用。通过利用 DG 中的这种先天神经元再生机制，新技术有可能促进抵抗或从大脑功能障碍或退化中恢复。然而，更深入地了解睡眠和基因表达的表观遗传修饰等因素如何调节成年 DG 神经发生，可能会在神经干细胞和祖细胞的临床应用方面取得进一步突破。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了成年产生的 DG 神经元的功能，描述了成年 DG 神经发生的表观遗传调控，确定了睡眠和表观遗传修饰如何影响成年 DG 神经发生和记忆巩固的重叠，并且提出了利用睡眠或表观遗传干预作为治疗神经退行性和精神障碍的方法。通过将文献中的各个线索编织在一起，我们希望能够引发新的见解，了解睡眠相关的神经过程和表观遗传机制之间的相互作用如何指导成年产生的神经元的功能，从而为预防和治疗抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍和阿尔茨海默病等脑部疾病提供新的方法。干细胞 2018；36:969-976。
