Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, NY, USA.
Department of Neurocognition, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Environ Res. 2018 Jul;164:124-131. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.021. Epub 2018 Feb 24.
Few studies have evaluated the association between low-level arsenic (As) exposure and cognitive performance among children.
In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the association between low-level As exposure and cognitive performance among 5-8 year-old children in Montevideo, and tested effect modification by As methylation capacity and children's dietary folate intake.
We measured total urinary As (UAs) concentrations and the proportion of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) in the urine of 328 children. Seven subtests of the standardized Woodcock-Muñoz cognitive battery were used to assess cognitive performance, from which, the general intellectual abilities (GIA) score was derived. Total folate intake was estimated from two 24-h dietary recalls. Linear regression analyses were performed. Effect modification was assessed by stratifying at the median %MMA value and tertiles of total folate intake calculated as micrograms (µg) of dietary folate equivalents (dfe).
The median UAs was 11.9 µg/l (range = 1.4-93.9), mean folate intake was 337.4 (SD = 123.3) µg dfe, and median %MMA was 9.42 (range = 2.6-24.8). There was no association between UAs and cognitive abilities, and no consistent effect modification by %MMA. UAs was associated inversely with concept formation, and positively with cognitive efficiency and numbers reversed subtest in the lowest folate intake tertile; UAs was also positively associated with sound integration in the second tertile and concept formation in the highest tertile of folate intake. There was no consistent pattern of effect modification by %MMA or folate intake.
There was no association between low-level As exposure and general cognitive abilities.
很少有研究评估儿童低水平砷（As）暴露与认知表现之间的关系。
在这项横断面研究中，我们评估了 5-8 岁儿童在蒙得维的亚低水平 As 暴露与认知表现之间的关系，并检验了 As 甲基化能力和儿童膳食叶酸摄入量的效应修饰作用。
我们测量了 328 名儿童的总尿砷（UAs）浓度和尿中一甲基砷酸（MMA）的比例。使用标准化的 Woodcock-Muñoz 认知电池的七个子测试来评估认知表现，从中得出一般智力能力（GIA）评分。总叶酸摄入量是通过两次 24 小时饮食回忆来估计的。进行线性回归分析。通过在中位数 %MMA 值和总叶酸摄入量的 tertiles 处分层来评估效应修饰作用，总叶酸摄入量以微克（µg）膳食叶酸当量（dfe）表示。
UAs 的中位数为 11.9 µg/l（范围 1.4-93.9），平均叶酸摄入量为 337.4（SD 123.3）µg dfe，中位数 %MMA 为 9.42（范围 2.6-24.8）。UAs 与认知能力之间没有关联，也没有一致的 %MMA 效应修饰作用。在最低叶酸摄入量 tertile 中，UAs 与概念形成呈负相关，与认知效率和数字反转子测试呈正相关；在叶酸摄入量第二 tertile 中，UAs 与声音整合呈正相关，在叶酸摄入量最高 tertile 中，UAs 与概念形成呈正相关。%MMA 或叶酸摄入量没有一致的效应修饰作用模式。
低水平 As 暴露与一般认知能力之间没有关联。
