Meteyard Lotte, Bose Arpita
Department of Clinical Language Sciences, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2018 Mar 15;61(3):658-674. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-17-0214.
Impaired naming is one of the most common symptoms in aphasia, often treated with cued picture naming paradigms. It has been argued that semantic cues facilitate the reliable categorization of the picture, and phonological cues facilitate the retrieval of target phonology. To test these hypotheses, we compared the effectiveness of phonological and semantic cues in picture naming for a group of individuals with aphasia. To establish the locus of effective cueing, we also tested whether cue type interacted with lexical and image properties of the targets.
Individuals with aphasia (n = 10) were tested with a within-subject design. They named a large set of items (n = 175) 4 times. Each presentation of the items was accompanied by a different cueing condition (phonological, semantic, nonassociated word and tone). Item level variables for the targets (i.e., phoneme length, frequency, imageability, name agreement, and visual complexity) were used to test the interaction of cue type and item variables. Naming accuracy data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed effects models.
Phonological cues were more effective than semantic cues, improving accuracy across individuals. However, phonological cues did not interact with phonological or lexical aspects of the picture names (e.g., phoneme length, frequency). Instead, they interacted with properties of the picture itself (i.e., visual complexity), such that phonological cues improved naming accuracy for items with low visual complexity.
The findings challenge the theoretical assumptions that phonological cues map to phonological processes. Instead, phonological information benefits the earliest stages of picture recognition, aiding the initial categorization of the target. The data help to explain why patterns of cueing are not consistent in aphasia; that is, it is not the case that phonological impairments always benefit from phonological cues and semantic impairments form semantic cues. A substantial amount of the literature in naming therapy focuses on picture naming paradigms. Therefore, the results are also critically important for rehabilitation, allowing for therapy development to be more rooted in the true mechanisms through which cues are processed.
命名障碍是失语症最常见的症状之一，通常采用提示性图片命名范式进行治疗。有人认为语义线索有助于对图片进行可靠分类，语音线索有助于目标语音的提取。为了验证这些假设，我们比较了语音线索和语义线索在一组失语症患者图片命名中的有效性。为了确定有效提示的位点，我们还测试了线索类型是否与目标的词汇和图像属性相互作用。
对10名失语症患者采用被试内设计进行测试。他们对一大组项目（n = 175）进行4次命名。每次呈现项目时都伴有不同的提示条件（语音、语义、无关单词和语调）。目标的项目水平变量（即音素长度、频率、可想象性、名称一致性和视觉复杂性）用于测试线索类型与项目变量的相互作用。使用广义线性混合效应模型分析命名准确性数据。
语音线索比语义线索更有效，提高了个体的准确性。然而，语音线索与图片名称的语音或词汇方面（如音素长度、频率）没有相互作用。相反，它们与图片本身的属性（即视觉复杂性）相互作用，因此语音线索提高了视觉复杂性低的项目的命名准确性。
这些发现挑战了语音线索映射到语音过程的理论假设。相反，语音信息有利于图片识别的最早阶段，有助于目标的初始分类。这些数据有助于解释为什么失语症中提示模式不一致；也就是说，并非语音障碍总是受益于语音线索，语义障碍受益于语义线索。命名治疗的大量文献都集中在图片命名范式上。因此，这些结果对康复也至关重要，使治疗发展更能扎根于线索处理的真正机制。
