Dehkhoda Farhad, Lee Christine M M, Medina Johan, Brooks Andrew J
The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Feb 13;9:35. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00035. eCollection 2018.
The growth hormone receptor (GHR), although most well known for regulating growth, has many other important biological functions including regulating metabolism and controlling physiological processes related to the hepatobiliary, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. In addition, growth hormone signaling is an important regulator of aging and plays a significant role in cancer development. Growth hormone activates the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, and recent studies have provided a new understanding of the mechanism of JAK2 activation by growth hormone binding to its receptor. JAK2 activation is required for growth hormone-mediated activation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5, and the negative regulation of JAK-STAT signaling comprises an important step in the control of this signaling pathway. The GHR also activates the Src family kinase signaling pathway independent of JAK2. This review covers the molecular mechanisms of GHR activation and signal transduction as well as the physiological consequences of growth hormone signaling.
生长激素受体（GHR）虽然最为人所知的功能是调节生长，但它还有许多其他重要的生物学功能，包括调节新陈代谢以及控制与肝胆、心血管、肾脏、胃肠和生殖系统相关的生理过程。此外，生长激素信号传导是衰老的重要调节因子，在癌症发展中也起着重要作用。生长激素激活Janus激酶（JAK）-信号转导和转录激活因子（STAT）信号通路，最近的研究对生长激素与其受体结合激活JAK2的机制有了新的认识。JAK2激活是生长激素介导的STAT1、STAT3和STAT5激活所必需的，而JAK-STAT信号传导的负调节是控制该信号通路的重要一步。GHR还可独立于JAK2激活Src家族激酶信号通路。本综述涵盖了GHR激活和信号转导的分子机制以及生长激素信号传导的生理后果。
