Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018 Jul;37(5):658-663. doi: 10.1111/dar.12689. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
Thailand borders some of the world's largest methamphetamine and opioid producing countries and trafficking routes. Thailand's 'War on Drugs' campaign was launched in 2003. This study reports trends in illicit substance use in Thailand over the period 2001-2011.
National Household surveys on illicit drug use were conducted in 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008 and 2011. A stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling technique was implemented for each survey. Provinces in four regions were systematically selected using a probability proportionate to the size of the targeted population. Participants were interviewed using structured questionnaires on their history of substance use.
The prevalence of illicit drug use within the past drastically decreased from 4.5% in 2001 to 1.0% in 2003 (P < 0.05). Since 2003, the prevalence of illicit use within the past year varied between 1.0% and 1.3%. By 2011, it was estimated that 0.84% have used kratom (a substance derived from Mitragyna speciosa) within the past year. Around 0.20% and 0.19% reported using cannibis and yaba (metamphetamine tablet) within a year of the 2011 survey. Other types of illicit drugs were less commonly used in Thailand.
There was a decrease in prevalence of illicit drug use within the past year between 2001 and 2003 in Thailand. Since 2003, the past year prelavence of illicit drug use has remained relatively stable. From 2001 to 2011, cannabis, kratom and yaba have remained the three most commonly reported types of illicit drugs used in Thailand.
泰国与世界上一些最大的冰毒和阿片类药物生产国和贩运路线接壤。泰国于 2003 年发起了“禁毒战争”。本研究报告了 2001 年至 2011 年期间泰国非法药物使用的趋势。
2001 年、2003 年、2007 年、2008 年和 2011 年进行了全国非法药物使用情况的住户调查。每次调查都采用分层多阶段聚类随机抽样技术。使用与目标人群规模成正比的概率系统选择四个地区的省份。使用结构化问卷对参与者进行关于其药物使用史的访谈。
过去滥用非法药物的流行率从 2001 年的 4.5%急剧下降到 2003 年的 1.0%（P<0.05）。自 2003 年以来，过去一年中滥用非法药物的流行率在 1.0%至 1.3%之间波动。到 2011 年，估计过去一年有 0.84%的人使用过咔特（一种源自 Mitragyna speciosa 的物质）。2011 年调查的一年中，约有 0.20%和 0.19%的人报告使用大麻和雅巴（安非他命片）。其他类型的非法药物在泰国的使用较少。
泰国在 2001 年至 2003 年期间，过去一年中非法药物使用的流行率有所下降。自 2003 年以来，过去一年非法药物使用的流行率一直相对稳定。从 2001 年到 2011 年，大麻、咔特和雅巴一直是泰国报告的使用最多的三种非法药物。
