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里氏木霉Cel7A纤维二糖水解酶的协同运动和大规模结构波动

Concerted motions and large-scale structural fluctuations of Trichoderma reesei Cel7A cellobiohydrolase.

作者信息

Silveira Rodrigo L, Skaf Munir S

机构信息

Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Cx. P. 6154, Campinas, 13084-862, SP, Brazil.

出版信息

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2018 Mar 14;20(11):7498-7507. doi: 10.1039/c8cp00101d.

Abstract

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are key enzymes for the saccharification of cellulose and play major roles in industrial settings for biofuel production. The catalytic core domain of these enzymes exhibits a long and narrow binding tunnel capable of binding glucan chains from crystalline cellulose and processively hydrolyze them. The binding cleft is topped by a set of loops, which are believed to play key roles in substrate binding and cleavage processivity. Here, we present an analysis of the loop motions of the Trichoderma reesei Cel7A catalytic core domain (TrCel7A) using conventional and accelerated molecular dynamics simulations. We observe that the loops exhibit highly coupled fluctuations and cannot move independently of each other. In the absence of a substrate, the characteristic large amplitude dynamics of TrCel7A consists of breathing motions, where the loops undergo open-and-close fluctuations. Upon substrate binding, the open-close fluctuations of the loops are quenched and one of the loops moves parallel to the binding site, possibly to allow processive motion along the glucan chain. Using microsecond accelerated molecular dynamics, we observe large-scale fluctuations of the loops (up to 37 Å) and the entire exposure of the TrCel7A binding site in the absence of the substrate, resembling an endoglucanase. These results suggest that the initial CBH-substrate contact and substrate recognition by the enzyme are similar to that of endoglucanases and, once bound to the substrate, the loops remain closed for proper enzymatic activity.

摘要

纤维二糖水解酶(CBHs)是纤维素糖化的关键酶,在生物燃料生产的工业环境中发挥着重要作用。这些酶的催化核心结构域呈现出一个狭长的结合通道,能够结合结晶纤维素中的葡聚糖链并进行连续水解。结合裂隙上方有一组环,据信这些环在底物结合和切割连续性中起关键作用。在这里,我们使用传统和加速分子动力学模拟对里氏木霉Cel7A催化核心结构域(TrCel7A)的环运动进行了分析。我们观察到这些环表现出高度耦合的波动,彼此不能独立移动。在没有底物的情况下,TrCel7A的特征性大幅度动力学由呼吸运动组成,其中环经历开合波动。底物结合后,环的开合波动被抑制,其中一个环平行于结合位点移动,可能是为了允许沿着葡聚糖链进行连续运动。使用微秒级加速分子动力学,我们观察到在没有底物的情况下环的大规模波动(高达37 Å)以及TrCel7A结合位点的完全暴露,类似于内切葡聚糖酶。这些结果表明,酶与底物的初始接触以及酶对底物的识别与内切葡聚糖酶相似,并且一旦与底物结合,环保持闭合以实现适当的酶活性。

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