Cerrato Natascia, Calzolari Gilberto, Tizzani Pietro, Actis Perinetto Emma, Dellavalle Antonio, Aluffi Enzo
Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Lazzaro, Alba, CN, Italy.
Emergency Department, Ospedale San Lazzaro, Alba, CN, Italy.
Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2018 Sep;23(5):e12535. doi: 10.1111/anec.12535. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
Yew leaves poisoning is a rare life-threatening intoxication, whose diagnosis can be difficult. Initial symptoms are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, tachycardia, muscle weakness, confusion, beginning within 1 hr from ingestion and followed by bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation, severe hypotension, and death. Taxine-derived alkaloids are responsible for the toxicity of the yew leaves, blocking sodium and calcium channels, and causing conduction abnormalities. Because of lack of a specific antidote and limited efficacy of common antiarrhythmic drugs, prompt diagnosis, detoxification measures, and immediate hemodynamic support (also with transvenous cardiac stimulation) are essential.
紫杉叶中毒是一种罕见的危及生命的中毒情况,其诊断可能存在困难。初始症状包括恶心、呕吐、腹痛、头晕、心动过速、肌肉无力、意识模糊,在摄入后1小时内出现,随后会出现心动过缓、室性心律失常、心室颤动、严重低血压以及死亡。紫杉碱衍生的生物碱是紫杉叶毒性的原因,它们会阻断钠通道和钙通道,导致传导异常。由于缺乏特效解毒剂且常用抗心律失常药物疗效有限,迅速诊断、采取解毒措施以及立即进行血流动力学支持(也包括经静脉心脏刺激)至关重要。