Buller R, Maier W, Benkert O
J Affect Disord. 1986 Sep-Oct;11(2):105-14. doi: 10.1016/0165-0327(86)90015-7.
In a sample of 97 patients with panic attacks, presence of agoraphobia was associated with a more severe syndrome of panic anxiety both at index assessment and during one-year follow-up but was not associated with increased incidence of major depression. Groups with a history of depression--primary or secondary to the onset of panic--did not differ from the group without depression when severity of anxiety was concerned but were more severely impaired and had a higher incidence of further depressive episodes during follow-up. For future classification of panic disorder, subtypes defined according to associated syndromes of agoraphobia or depression are proposed, since these conditions appear constant through follow-up.
在一个由97名惊恐发作患者组成的样本中，广场恐惧症的存在与在首次评估时以及一年随访期间更严重的惊恐焦虑综合征相关，但与重度抑郁症的发病率增加无关。有抑郁症病史的组——原发性抑郁症或继发于惊恐发作的抑郁症——在焦虑严重程度方面与无抑郁症组没有差异，但在随访期间功能受损更严重，且进一步抑郁发作的发生率更高。鉴于这些情况在随访期间似乎是持续存在的，因此建议根据广场恐惧症或抑郁症的相关综合征对惊恐障碍进行未来分类。
