Coryell W, Endicott J, Andreasen N C, Keller M B, Clayton P J, Hirschfeld R M, Scheftner W A, Winokur G
Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
Am J Psychiatry. 1988 Mar;145(3):293-300. doi: 10.1176/ajp.145.3.293.
Ninety-one patients with panic attacks limited historically to depressive episodes had more severe depressive symptoms and were less likely to recover during a 2-year follow-up than 417 depressed patients who did not have panic attacks. Family study data clearly distinguished another 15 patients with panic disorder and secondary depression; interviewed relatives of panic disorder patients were significantly less likely to have primary depression and significantly more likely to have various anxiety disorders. These data support the hierarchical system by which many of the contemporary diagnostic systems separate panic disorder and major depression.
91例既往恐慌发作仅限于抑郁发作的患者，与417例无恐慌发作的抑郁症患者相比，有更严重的抑郁症状，且在2年随访期间康复的可能性更小。家族研究数据清楚地区分了另外15例恐慌症伴继发性抑郁症患者；接受访谈的恐慌症患者亲属患原发性抑郁症的可能性显著更低，患各种焦虑症的可能性显著更高。这些数据支持了许多当代诊断系统将恐慌症和重度抑郁症区分开来的分层系统。
