Matsumura Takayuki, Mashiko Reona, Sato Tomomi, Itokawa Kentaro, Maekawa Yoshihide, Ogawa Kohei, Isawa Haruhiko, Yamamoto Akihiko, Mori Shigemi, Horita Akira, Ginnaga Akihiro, Miyatsu Yoshinobu, Takahashi Motohide, Taki Hisashi, Hifumi Toru, Sawabe Kyoko, Ato Manabu
Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
Jpn J Infect Dis. 2018 Mar 22;71(2):116-121. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2017.291. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
The redback spider (Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell) reportedly invaded Japan in September 1995. To date, 84 redback spider bite cases have been reported; 7 of these cases employed the antivenom. Antivenom has been imported from Australia in the past, but because of restrictions on exportation it was evident that nearly all of the antivenom present in Japan would expire during 2014. In 2014, a plan was proposed to experimentally manufacture and stockpile a horse antiserum for ourselves, using redback spiders indigenous to Japan. A total of 11,403 female spiders were captured alive: 1,217 from the vicinity of Nishinomiya City, Hyogo prefecture, and 10,186 from Osaka prefecture. Of these, 10,007 females were dissected, and the venom was extracted from the venom glands of individuals and subjected to crude purification to yield 4 lots, of which the majority was α-latrotoxin. Among them, a large amount of single lots with an estimated protein content of 236 mg is subsequently scheduled to be used for immunizing horses. We also determined lethal toxicity of the venom (LD: 9.17 μg per mouse), and established the assay for the determination of an anti-lethal titer of antivenom in mice.
据报道，红背蜘蛛（间斑寇蛛，Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell）于1995年9月侵入日本。截至目前，已报告84例红背蜘蛛咬伤病例；其中7例使用了抗蛇毒血清。过去抗蛇毒血清从澳大利亚进口，但由于出口限制，很明显日本现存的几乎所有抗蛇毒血清将在2014年过期。2014年，有人提议利用日本本土的红背蜘蛛自行试验生产并储备马抗血清。共活捉了11403只雌蛛：1217只来自兵库县西宫市附近，10186只来自大阪府。其中，解剖了10007只雌蛛，从个体的毒腺中提取毒液并进行粗纯化，得到4批产品，其中大部分是α-拉托毒素。其中，后续计划使用大量估计蛋白质含量为236毫克的单批产品来免疫马匹。我们还测定了毒液的致死毒性（半数致死量：每只小鼠9.17微克），并建立了小鼠抗蛇毒血清抗致死效价的测定方法。
