Gialletti Rodolfo, Marchegiani Andrea, Valeriani Tiziana, Nannarone Sara, Beccati Francesca, Fruganti Alessandro, Laus Fulvio
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica (Macerata), Italy.
J Ultrasound. 2018 Mar;21(1):53-59. doi: 10.1007/s40477-018-0284-7. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
To describe the association of clinical and ultrasonographic (US) findings in horses affected by visual impairments, to estimate the most frequent ultrasonographic alteration as well importance and limits of US as a part of ophthalmic evaluation in equine patients.
One-hundred-forty-five horses referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospitals of the University of Perugia and Camerino for ocular problems were submitted to ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasound. The following group of abnormalities was established: corneal alteration, cataract, synechiae, iris prolapse, anterior chamber alterations, vitreous opacities, globe reduction, globe enlargement, retinal detachment, lens subluxation/luxation, lens rupture, intraocular masses, retrobulbar masses. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value and related 95% confidence interval were calculated. Kappa value was estimated for concordance evaluation.
A total of 384 clinical alterations were observed during ophthalmological examination, while 357 were found by ultrasound investigation. A very good agreement was found for lens subluxation/luxation, intraocular masses, iris prolapse, globe enlargement, lens rupture, vitreous opacities and cataract. Moderate agreement was found for retinal detachment, anterior chamber alterations and synechiae. Corneal alteration and globe reduction resulted in a fair and poor agreement, respectively.
Ultrasonography affords the benefit of providing a complete cross-sectional view of the eyeball, facilitating the identification of ocular diseases in cases of loss of transparency of ocular media. It also represents an indispensable aid whenever anterior opacification precludes the use of ophthalmoscopic or biomicroscopic examination techniques.
描述视力受损马匹的临床和超声检查结果之间的关联，评估最常见的超声检查改变，以及超声检查作为马属动物眼科评估一部分的重要性和局限性。
145匹因眼部问题转诊至佩鲁贾大学和卡梅里诺大学兽医教学医院的马匹接受了眼科检查和眼部超声检查。确定了以下异常组：角膜改变、白内障、粘连、虹膜脱出、前房改变、玻璃体混浊、眼球缩小、眼球增大、视网膜脱离、晶状体半脱位/脱位、晶状体破裂、眼内肿物、球后肿物。计算了特异性、敏感性、阳性和阴性预测值以及相关的95%置信区间。估计kappa值用于一致性评估。
眼科检查期间共观察到384处临床改变，而超声检查发现357处。对于晶状体半脱位/脱位、眼内肿物、虹膜脱出、眼球增大、晶状体破裂、玻璃体混浊和白内障，发现一致性非常好。对于视网膜脱离、前房改变和粘连，发现一致性中等。角膜改变和眼球缩小的一致性分别为一般和较差。
超声检查有助于提供眼球完整的横断面视图，便于在眼内介质透明度丧失的情况下识别眼部疾病。当眼前部混浊妨碍使用检眼镜或生物显微镜检查技术时，它也是一种不可或缺的辅助手段。
