Tandon Runjhun, Luxami Vijay, Dosanjh Harmanjit Singh, Tandon Nitin, Paul Kamaldeep
Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, India.
School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala-147004, India.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2018;15(6):777-794. doi: 10.2174/1567201815666180228161659.
Diabetes is a serious and chronic problem that can be attributed to the insufficient release of the insulin or when body does not respond to the insulin which is already present. This disease has been targeted for corrective action and implementation among four non-communicable diseases by world leaders according to WHO report. The prevalence of diabetes has been estimated to be double from 4.7% of adult population in 1980 to 8.5% in the present scenario. The estimated deaths due to this epidemic disease were 1.5 million in 2012 alone. Currently, approximately 400 million people are suffering from diabetes worldwide. Although the factors leading to Type I diabetes are unknown, there are many therapies available in market for Type II disease which bags more than 90% of the total diabetes cases. But, the current treatment for this disease seems to be lacking in terms of proper management of disease, while insulin still remains the ultimate therapy to achieve comparatively effective glycemic control. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the patent applications filed in the field of pulmonary delivery of insulin as dry powder through an inhaler in various formulations. This review will provide an insight to the development and advancement for various formulations of insulin and the design of inhaler to improve the bioavailability of powder formulation of insulin, which would provide an alternate treatment with better acceptability or tolerability among the patients as compared to the intravenous delivery to offer better management of epidemic diabetes.
糖尿病是一个严重的慢性问题，它可归因于胰岛素分泌不足，或者身体对已存在的胰岛素无反应。根据世界卫生组织的报告，世界各国领导人已将这种疾病列为四种非传染性疾病中需要采取纠正行动和实施干预的目标疾病。据估计，糖尿病的患病率已翻番，从1980年占成年人口的4.7%升至目前的8.5%。仅在2012年，这种流行性疾病估计就导致了150万人死亡。目前，全球约有4亿人患有糖尿病。虽然导致I型糖尿病的因素尚不清楚，但市场上有许多针对II型糖尿病的疗法，II型糖尿病占糖尿病总病例的90%以上。但是，目前针对这种疾病的治疗在疾病的妥善管理方面似乎有所欠缺，而胰岛素仍然是实现相对有效的血糖控制的最终疗法。在这篇综述中，我们试图总结通过吸入器以各种制剂形式进行胰岛素干粉肺部给药领域提交的专利申请。这篇综述将深入了解胰岛素各种制剂的发展和进步，以及吸入器的设计，以提高胰岛素粉末制剂的生物利用度，与静脉给药相比，这将为患者提供一种可接受性或耐受性更好的替代治疗方法，从而更好地管理流行性糖尿病。
