Talaminos Barroso Alejandro, Márquez Martín Eduardo, Roa Romero Laura María, Ortega Ruiz Francisco
Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España.
Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España.
Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed). 2018 Jun;54(6):327-332. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2018.01.030. Epub 2018 Feb 26.
Lung function reference values are traditionally based on anthropometric factors, such as weight, height, sex, and age. FVC and FEV decline with age, while volumes and capacities, such as RV and FRC, increase. TLC, VC, RV, FVC and FEV are affected by height, since they are proportional to body size. This means that a tall individual will experience greater decrease in lung volumes as they get older. Some variables, such as FRC and ERV, decline exponentially with an increase in weight, to the extent that tidal volume in morbidly obese patients can be close to that of RV. Men have longer airways than women, causing greater specific resistance in the respiratory tract. The increased work of breathing to increase ventilation among women means that their consumption of oxygen is higher than men under similar conditions of physical intensity. Lung volumes are higher when the subject is standing than in other positions. DLCO is significantly higher in supine positions than in sitting or standing positions, but the difference between sitting and standing positions is not significant. Anthropometric characteristics are insufficient to explain differences in lung function between different ethnic groups, underlining the importance of considering other factors in addition to the conventional anthropometric measurements.
传统上，肺功能参考值基于人体测量学因素，如体重、身高、性别和年龄。用力肺活量（FVC）和第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV）随年龄下降，而残气量（RV）和功能残气量（FRC）等肺容积和肺容量则增加。肺总量（TLC）、肺活量（VC）、残气量、用力肺活量和第一秒用力呼气容积受身高影响，因为它们与身体大小成正比。这意味着高个子个体随着年龄增长肺容积下降幅度会更大。一些变量，如功能残气量和补呼气量，会随着体重增加呈指数下降，以至于病态肥胖患者的潮气量可能接近残气量。男性的气道比女性长，导致呼吸道的比气道阻力更大。女性为增加通气而增加的呼吸功意味着在相似体力强度条件下她们的耗氧量高于男性。受试者站立时的肺容积高于其他体位。仰卧位时的一氧化碳弥散量（DLCO）显著高于坐位或站立位，但坐位和站立位之间的差异不显著。人体测量学特征不足以解释不同种族群体之间的肺功能差异，这凸显了除传统人体测量学指标外考虑其他因素的重要性。
