Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain; Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, 17, Place du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France; Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Anthropology, 101 Dinwiddie Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.
J Hum Evol. 2019 May;130:151-171. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.12.005. Epub 2018 Feb 26.
The morphology and size of the Neandertal thorax is a subject of growing interest due to its link to general aspects of body size and shape, including physiological aspects related to bioenergetics and activity budgets. However, the number of well-preserved adult Neandertal costal remains is still low. The recent finding of new additional costal remains from the Regourdou 1 (R1) skeleton has rendered this skeleton as one of the most complete Neandertal costal skeletons with a minimum of 18 ribs represented, five of which are complete or virtually complete. Here we describe for the first time all the rib remains from R1 and compare them to a large modern Euroamerican male sample as well as to other published Neandertal individuals. The costal skeleton of this individual shows significant metric and morphological differences from our modern human male comparative sample. The perceived differences include: dorsoventrally large 1st and 2nd ribs, 3rd ribs with a very closed dorsal curvature and large maximum diameters at the posterior angle, a large tubercle-iliocostal line distance in the 4th rib, thick shafts at the dorsal end of its 6th ribs, thick mid-shafts of the 8th ribs, large articular tubercles at the 9th ribs, and thick shafts of the 11th and 12th ribs. Here we also describe a new mesosternal fragment: the left lateral half of sternebral segments 4 and 5. This portion reveals that the mesosternum of R1 had a sternal foramen in its inferiormost preserved sternal segment and supports previous estimation of the total length of this mesosternum. The new costal remains from R1 support the view that Neandertals, when compared with modern humans, show a significantly different thorax, consistent with differences found in other anatomical regions such as the vertebral column and pelvis.
由于尼安德特人胸廓的形态和大小与身体大小和形状的一般方面有关，包括与生物能量学和活动预算相关的生理方面，因此人们对其越来越感兴趣。然而，保存完好的成年尼安德特人肋骨遗骸的数量仍然很少。最近在 Regourdou 1（R1）骨骼中发现了新的额外肋骨遗骸，这使得该骨骼成为最完整的尼安德特人肋骨骨骼之一，至少有 18 根肋骨代表，其中 5 根是完整的或几乎完整的。在这里，我们首次描述了 R1 的所有肋骨遗骸，并将其与一个大型现代欧美男性样本以及其他已发表的尼安德特人个体进行了比较。该个体的肋骨骨骼在形态和形态上与我们的现代人类男性比较样本存在显著差异。感知到的差异包括：第 1 和第 2 肋骨背腹较大；第 3 肋骨背侧曲率非常闭合，后角处最大直径较大；第 4 肋骨肋结节-髂肋线距离较大；第 6 肋骨背端肋骨较粗；第 8 肋骨中段较粗；第 9 肋骨关节结节较大；第 11 和 12 肋骨肋骨较粗。在这里，我们还描述了一个新的胸骨片段：胸骨 4 和 5 的左侧半部分。这部分表明 R1 的胸骨体具有最下面保存的胸骨节段的胸骨孔，并支持以前对该胸骨体总长度的估计。R1 的新肋骨遗骸支持这样一种观点，即与现代人相比，尼安德特人表现出明显不同的胸廓，这与在其他解剖区域（如脊柱和骨盆）中发现的差异一致。
