Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre La Evolución Humana-CENIEH, Burgos, Spain; Área de Antropología Física, Departamento de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad de Alcalá-UAH, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain; Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, 17, Place Du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.
J Hum Evol. 2019 Mar;128:17-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.11.003. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
Regourdou is a well-known Middle Paleolithic site which has yielded the fossil remains of a minimum of two Neandertal individuals. The first individual (Regourdou 1) is represented by a partial skeleton while the second one is represented by a calcaneus. The foot remains of Regourdou 1 have been used in a number of comparative studies, but to date a full description and comparison of all the foot remains from the Regourdou 1 Neandertal, coming from the old excavations and from the recent reanalysis of the faunal remains, does not exist. Here, we describe and comparatively assess the Regourdou 1 tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges. They display traits observed in other Neandertal feet, which are different from some traits of the Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca) hominins and of Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic and recent modern humans. These Neandertal features are: a rectangular talar trochlea with a large lateral malleolar facet, a broad talar head, a broad calcaneus with a projecting sustentaculum tali, a wide and wedged navicular with a projecting medial tubercle, large and wide bases of the lateral metatarsals, and mediolaterally expanded and robust phalanges that also show hallux valgus in a strongly built hallux.
雷古尔杜（Regourdou）是一处知名的中更新世遗址，出土了至少两具尼安德特人化石。第一具（雷古尔杜 1 号）为部分骨骼，第二具则为跟骨。雷古尔杜 1 号的足部遗骸曾被用于多项比较研究，但迄今为止，对雷古尔杜 1 号尼安德特人所有足部遗骸的全面描述和比较，既没有来自旧发掘，也没有来自近期对动物遗骸的重新分析。在此，我们对雷古尔杜 1 号跗骨、跖骨和趾骨进行了描述和比较评估。它们显示出与其他尼安德特人足部相同的特征，与西玛德洛斯胡埃斯（阿塔普埃尔卡）人类以及中更新世、晚更新世和现代人类的一些特征不同。这些尼安德特特征包括：外侧踝突较大的矩形距骨滑车、宽阔的距骨头部、具有突出跟骨结节的宽阔跟骨、具有突出内侧结节的宽阔楔形舟骨、外侧跖骨宽阔的基部、以及内外侧扩张且粗壮的趾骨，这些趾骨还显示出大脚趾外翻的特征，大脚趾很强壮。
